Reconstructing the evolutionary history of the Raveneliaceae (Basidiomycota: Pucciniales) using hyRAD sequencing, and revision of their taxonomy

锈菌是植物寄生真菌中物种最丰富的类群，在农业和林业中具有很高的经济关联性。除了对人为农业系统的破坏性影响外，在自然生态系统中也讨论了锈菌对植物群落组成的影响以及对寄主植物遗传多样性的保护。但是，尽管具有很高的经济和生态相关性，但对锈病发展史的了解仍然存在许多空白。这种知识的缺乏尤其适用于形态特征的进化。例如，在被接受的13个科中，只有8个可以被确认为单系。在这方面，必须特别强调热带分布的锈菌，因为到目前为止，除了少数例外，它们在分子系统发育研究中的代表性明显不足。雷公藤属(Raveneliaceae)是迄今为止热带地区种类最丰富的锈菌属。目前的研究不仅表明了该属的多系起源，而且还表明了整个雷公藤科相对于木犀科、蒲公英科和毛兰科的副系位置。除了形态分析，我想在本研究项目中应用HyRAD-测序的方法。用这种方法产生的遗传数据将作为调查和修订雷公藤科及其相关类群的分类概念的基础。与经典的基于聚合酶链式反应的方法相比，这种方法的优点是可以对较老的标本进行降解的DNA进行分析，这允许进行更广泛的物种采样。此外，标本馆标本的使用最大限度地减少了国家立法方面的可能限制，以及重要关键物种新收集所需的财政和后勤努力。因此，这一研究项目不仅旨在对热带锈菌的进化研究做出重要贡献，并提供准确的分类，而且还为利用草本植物中保存的大量植物寄生真菌记录建立协议。

Rust fungi represent the most species-rich group of plant parasitic fungi and have a high economic relevance in agriculture and forestry. In addition to their often devastating effects on anthropogenic agrosystems, rust fungi are also discussed in natural ecosystems in connection with their influence on the composition of plant communities as well as with the preservation of the genetic diversity of their host plants. But despite this high economic and ecological relevance, the knowledge of the phylogeny of rust still shows numerous gaps. This lack of knowledge particularly applies to the evolution of morphological traits. For example, only 8 of 13 accepted families could be confirmed as monophyletic. In this context, the tropically distributed rust fungi must be particularly emphasized, since, with a few exceptions, they have so far been significantly underrepresented in molecular phylogenetic studies.Ravenelia (Raveneliaceae) is by far the most species-rich rust fungus genus in the tropics. Current studies not only suggest a polyphyletic origin of this genus, but also indicate a paraphyletic position of the entire Raveneliaceae with regard to the Chaconiaceae, Phakopsoraceae and the Pileolariaceae.Besides morphological analyses, in this research project I would like to apply the method of hyRAD-sequencing. The genetic data, produced by this method, will serve as the basis on which the taxonomic concepts of the Raveneliaceae and related groups will be investigated and revised. Compared to classical PCR-based methods, this method has the advantage of making degraded DNA of older herbarium specimens accessible for analysis, which allows for a much more extensive species sampling. In addition, the use of herbarium specimens minimizes possible restrictions with regard to national legislation as well as the financial and logistical effort required for the new collection of important key species.This research project is thus not only intended to make an important contribution to the study the evolution of tropical rust fungi and to offer a precise taxonomic classification, but also to establish protocols for the utilisation of the numerous plant parasitic fungi records deposited in herbaria.