Mirobriga and Regina Turdulorum: Town and Country in the Roman Far West

米罗布里加和雷吉娜·图杜洛姆：罗马远西的城镇和乡村

• 批准号: 447718941
• 负责人: Professor Dr. Felix Teichner
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: Institut für klassische Archäologie
• 依托单位国家: 德国
• 项目类别: Research Grants
• 资助国家: 德国
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://gepris.dfg.de/gepris/projekt/447718941?language=en
• 关键词: Mirobriga; Regina; Turdulorum; Town; Country

The archaeological landscape project proposed is dedicated to study ancient towns – Mirobriga (Lusitania, Portugal) and Regina Turdulorum (Baetica, Spain) – and particularly their hinterlands between the late Iron Age and Roman times (2nd cent. BCE to 3rd cent. CE). In previous research emphasis was overwhelmingly given to towns, the study of which was isolated from their landscape setting. Thus often a contrast was constructed between the urban centre and the rural periphery minimising the fundamental part the rural context plays in urban development. This approach promoted the view that towns, especially when privileged, were more homogeneous and Roman, while in countryside more options of heterogeneity – reaching from Roman-style agriculture to ‘landscapes of resistance’ – have been possible. To overcome this separation between urban and rural studies and to critically review – on a sound data basis gathered by state-of-the-art approaches – the supposition of a dichotomy between town and countryside is the main aim of the project proposed. The primary task will be to identify similarities and differences in dealing with new social, economic, cultural and political demands resulting from the incorporation into the Roman Empire. Then it shall be researched whether the postulated similarity of the selected towns – privileged as municipia and inhabited mainly by indigenous populations – in terms of origin, size, organisation and development stands the scrutiny of detailed analysis and whether, if so, this similarity really implies also similar land use. Thus the addressed main objectives are: 1. the relationship between an urban centre and its countryside in economic, social and cultural terms; 2. the changing (or unchanged) ways of land use and organisation of rural production in connection with the development of the urban centre; 3. the impact of non-urban residents on the urban settlements as well as the agency of town dwellers in the rural hinterland in consideration of the changing social conditions of the Roman rule. Therefore, the project is an important new approach for the Hispania Romana but it is highly innovative also for research of the Roman Empire in general as it studies town and country not as separate entities but as closely interrelated and mutually influencing. The project adopts a multiple method approach that encompasses geophysical prospection, systematic surveys, remote sensing and small-scale excavations. It brings together Prof. G. Schörner (Univ. of Vienna), an expert in landscape archaeology of the Mediterranean with a profound expertise of social, economic and cultural changes in the Roman Empire, and Prof. F. Teichner (Univ. of Marburg), a specialist both in non-invasive prospection and in Roman archaeology of the Iberian Peninsula, and assembles a multidisciplinary team of leading experts as cooperation partners.

拟议的考古景观项目致力于研究古代城镇-米罗布里加（葡萄牙卢西塔尼亚）和雷吉娜Turdulorum（西班牙贝蒂卡）-特别是铁器时代晚期和罗马时代（公元前2世纪至公元前3世纪）之间的腹地。在以前的研究中，绝大多数的重点都放在城镇上，对城镇的研究与它们的景观环境是隔离的。因此，经常在城市中心和农村边缘之间建立对比，最大限度地减少农村环境在城市发展中的基本作用。这种方法促进了这样一种观点，即城镇，特别是那些享有特权的城镇，更加同质和罗马化，而在农村，更多的异质性选择——从罗马式农业到“抵抗景观”——是可能的。为了克服城乡研究之间的这种分离，并根据最先进的方法收集的可靠数据进行严格审查，所提议项目的主要目的是假设城乡之间存在二分法。主要任务将是确定在处理由于并入罗马帝国而产生的新的社会、经济、文化和政治要求方面的异同。然后应研究所选城镇- -享有市政特权并主要由土著居民居住- -在起源、规模、组织和发展方面的假定相似性是否经得起详细分析的审查，如果是这样，这种相似性是否真的意味着同样的土地使用。因此，处理的主要目标是：1。城市中心与乡村在经济、社会和文化方面的关系；2. 与城市中心发展有关的土地使用和农村生产组织方式的变化（或不变）；3. 考虑到罗马统治时期不断变化的社会条件，非城市居民对城市聚落的影响以及城镇居民在农村腹地的代理。因此，这个项目对西班牙罗马来说是一个重要的新方法，但它对整个罗马帝国的研究也是非常创新的，因为它研究城镇和乡村，而不是作为独立的实体，而是密切相关和相互影响的。该项目采用物探、系统调查、遥感、小范围挖掘等多种方法。它汇集了地中海景观考古学专家G. Schörner教授（维也纳大学）和F. Teichner教授（马尔堡大学），前者对罗马帝国的社会、经济和文化变化具有深厚的专业知识，后者是非侵入性勘探和伊比利亚半岛罗马考古学的专家，并组建了一个由领先专家组成的多学科团队作为合作伙伴。