Thermo-electrical battery test stand

电池、燃料电池和氧化还原液流电池的研究型测试以及伴随其开发的那些测试通常在电池水平和系统水平（串并联连接或堆叠）上独立地进行。因此，在细胞的操作期间，细胞间变化和不均匀性的影响的分离是不可能的。拟议项目的目标是分析电化学和电热行为以及单电池和模块的降解行为，以便确定和量化由于不均匀操作而产生的统计效应和放大效应。必要的先决条件是电池级（6 V通道）测试与模块级（60 V通道）测试的紧密耦合。该耦合器集成了应用的电流曲线、截止极限（电压极限）、在被测设备的使用寿命内负载曲线的自适应（改变容量和功率能力）、时间同步（例如相同的休息时间、参考测试的相同测试中断）以及气候室中相同的温度曲线。所有这些都是针对性分析的关键测试条件。在拟定的测试设置中，将通过系统控制软件保证必要的耦合，该软件允许对所有测试通道和电压电平的测试周期进行编程。电池测试台的第二个目标是实现电池模块的老化最小化快速充电控制，首先基于先导电池的耦合使用，其次基于嵌入式数字孪生。在第一种情况下，对导频小区进行详细诊断。在线获得的结果用于电池模块的充电电流的降额。在第二种情况下，关于单个电池电化学行为的基于模型的信息通过软件在环（software-in-the-loop）被结合到真实的充电控制的反馈控制环中。

Research oriented tests of batteries, fuel cells and redox flow batteries and those tests accompanying their development are typically conducted independently on cell level and on system level (serial-parallel connection or stack). Thus, a separation of cell-to-cell variation and effects of inhomogeneities during operation of cells are not possible. Goal of the proposed project is to analyse the electrochemical and electro-thermal behaviour as well as the degradation behaviour of single cells and modules such that both the statistical effects and the amplifying effects due to the inhomogeneous operation are identified and quantified. Necessary prerequisite is a tight coupling of tests on cell level (6 V channels) with tests on module level (60 V channels). The coupling incorporates the applied current profiles, the cut-off limits (voltage limitations), the adaption of load profiles over the life time of the devices under test (changed capacities and power capabilities), time synchronisation (e.g. same rest periods, same test interrupts for reference tests) as well as same temperature profiles in a climate chamber. All of the above are crucial test conditions for the targeted analysis. The necessary coupling will be guaranteed in the proposed test setup by a system-encompassing control software that allows a programming of test cycles across all test channels and voltage levels. The second goal of the batter test stand is the realisation of an aging minimal fast charging control of battery modules based, first, on a coupled usage of pilot cell and, second, on an embedded digital twin. In the first case, the pilot cell undergoes a detail diagnosis. The results gained online are utilized for a derating of the charging current of the battery module. In the second case, model-based information on the electrochemical behaviour of a single cell is incorporated via software-in-the-loop into the feed-back control loop of the charge control in real time.