Theoretical and Empirical Study regarding the Quantitative Analysis and Public Policy on the Private Nonprofit Sector

本研究项目回顾日本非营利部门的公共政策方面，包括该部门的规模和结构、收入结构、税收和法律法规，并着手分析捐赠和志愿服务、与企业和政府的合作等因素的最新数据，以及教育和研究、文化和体育、社会服务、医疗保健、国际活动、宣传、环境、宗教等子部门。政治活动。通过对全国范围内的捐赠和志愿活动调查收集的详细数据和丰富的微观数据，估计了捐赠和志愿活动的变量，定量评估了调节参数。我们利用自己调查收集的微观数据，对个人捐赠减税的影响进行了计量经济学估计，并讨论了政策影响。研究了社会资本的概念（以网络、信任和互惠的社会规范为特征的社会结构），并利用地市级数据分析了其积累、量化、区域分布、社会经济影响和相关政策方法。通过文献调查和实地考察，对国外19个非营利部门和公民社会的现状、历史背景、特征、制度和政策进行了比较研究。这项研究揭示了阿富汗、越南和南非等国家的公民社会，而日本对这些国家的公民社会知之甚少。本文还利用州一级的数据对美国非营利活动密度的差异进行了定量分析。在四年的研究期间，通过出版22本书籍，75种学术期刊出版物和50次学术会议发言，努力宣传成果并向社会通报。

This research project reviews the public policy aspects of the Japanese nonprofit sector, which include scale and structure of the sector, revenue structure, taxation and legal regulations, and proceeds to analyze the latest data on factors such as giving and volunteering, cooperation with businesses and with government, as well as sub-sectors like the education and research, culture and sports, social services, health care, international activities, advocacy, environment, religion, political activities.Giving and volunteering variables are estimated and regulating parameters are quantitatively assessed on the basis of detailed data collected through a nation-wide survey on giving and volunteering and rich micro-data. The impact of tax deduction from individual giving was estimated econometrically using micro data collected through our own survey, and policy implications were discussed.The concept of social capital (social structure characterized by network, trust and social norms of reciprocity) examined and its accumulation, quantification, regional distribution, socio-economic impact and related policy approaches are analyzed using prefectural and municipal data.A comparative study of the current conditions, historical background, characteristics, institutions and policies of 19 foreign nonprofit sectors and civil societies have been undertaken through literature surveys and fieldwork. This study has shed light on the civil societies of countries like Afghanistan, Vietnam, and South Africa which have been little known in Japan. Quantitative analysis on the differences in the density of American nonprofit activity was also undertaken, using state-level data.Throughout the four-year period of research, efforts at publicizing results and informing society have been made through the publication of 22 books, 75 academic journal publications, and 50 academic conference presentations.