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Environmental impacts of nitrate-accumulating sulfur oxidizing bacteria on coastal ecosystems : Population dynamics and nitrogen metabolism

积累硝酸盐的硫氧化细菌对沿海生态系统的环境影响：种群动态和氮代谢

基本信息

批准号：
14208065
负责人：
SAYAMA Mikio
金额：
$ 33.95万
依托单位：
National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (A)
财政年份：
2002
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
2002 至 2005
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

The following studies have been conducted to clarify the relationships between eutrophication in coastal marine environments and nitrate-accumulating sulfur oxidizing bacteria (NA-SOB); 1. Field investigation of spatial and temporal dynamics of NA-SOB populations, 2. Field investigation of environmental factors controlling the population dynamics of NA-SOB, 3. Laboratory investigation of nitrogen-metabolism of NA-SOB, 4. Field (laboratory) investigation of quantitative effects of NA-SOB on benthic respiration and nitrogen cycling at sediment-water interface and 5. Development of mathematical model of benthic respiration and nitrogen cycling in coastal marine sediments where NA-SOB dwells on or in. To investigate the spatial and temporal dynamics of NA-SOB populations, methods to enumerate biomass of each NA-SOB population and to estimate intracellular-NO_3- concentration in a single filament had been developed. Quantitative PCR based on clone library and FISH analysis had also been dev … More eloped for biomass enumeration. To investigate the environmental factors controlling the population dynamics of NA-SOB, an in situ micro-profiling system with micro-sensors had been developed to measure micro-environments at sediment-water interface. To investigate the quantitative effects of NA-SOB on benthic respiration and nitrogen cycling at sediment-water interface, an in situ flux chamber was constructed. With those methods and instruments, seasonal filed investigation had been performed at one or two months intervals for two years at two stations in Tokyo Bay. Regarding the nitrogen -metabolism of NA-SOB, ^<15>N technique was applied to the experimental sediment core with NA-SOB established under laboratory conditions and showed that more than 80% of the intracellular-NO_3- is reduced NH_4+. The mathematical model of benthic respiration and nitrogen cycling in coastal marine sediments with NA-SOB was based on two parallel calculation procedures (modules); i. a biogeochemical module and ii. A biological module describing the movement of NA-SOB and their intracellular pools of NO_3- in particular. Thus, the NA-SOB-model was built by coupling the biogeochemical module to the biological module. In the biological NA-SOB module a NA-SOB filament was described as a "self-operating particle" (automaton) responding to external micro-environments. It has been quantitatively shown with the model that NA-SOB is deeply concerned in the increase in the internal nitrogen loading from the sediment and in the decrease in the sediment denitrification. Less

为了阐明沿海海洋环境富营养化与积累硝酸盐的硫氧化细菌（NA-SOB）之间的关系，进行了以下研究： 1. NA-SOB种群时空动态的野外调查，2. 控制NA-SOB种群动态的环境因素的野外调查，3. NA-SOB氮代谢的实验室调查，4. NA-SOB对底栖呼吸和沉积物-水界面氮循环的定量影响的现场（实验室）调查，5. 底栖呼吸数学模型的建立为了研究 NA-SOB 种群的空间和时间动态，我们开发了计算每个 NA-SOB 种群生物量并估计单丝中细胞内 NO_3 浓度的方法。基于克隆文库和 FISH 分析的定量 PCR 也已被开发用于生物量计数。为了研究控制 NA-SOB 种群动态的环境因素，开发了一种带有微传感器的原位微剖面系统来测量沉积物-水界面的微环境。为了研究 NA-SOB 对沉积物-水界面底栖呼吸和氮循环的定量影响，建造了原位通量室。利用这些方法和仪器，在东京湾的两个站两年内以一两个月为间隔进行了季节性实地调查。关于NA-SOB的氮代谢，^ 15 N技术应用于实验室条件下建立的NA-SOB实验沉积物岩心，结果表明80％以上的细胞内-NO_3-被还原为NH_4+。 NA-SOB 沿海海洋沉积物中底栖呼吸和氮循环的数学模型基于两个并行计算程序（模块）；我。生物地球化学模块和 ii。描述 NA-SOB 及其细胞内 NO_3- 池运动的生物模块。因此，通过将生物地球化学模块与生物模块耦合来构建NA-SOB模型。在生物 NA-SOB 模块中，NA-SOB 丝被描述为响应外部微环境的“自操作粒子”（自动机）。模型定量表明，NA-SOB与沉积物内部氮负荷的增加和沉积物反硝化的减少密切相关。较少的