Comparative study on the changes of societies and ecological heritage over areas in the meta-sphere around Himalaya

本研究着重于区域间社会变迁与生态遗产的比较研究。本研究的特点是提出了“环喜马拉雅元圈”等新的区域概念。所有成员都在每个指定的地区进行了实地调查，并通过与喜马拉雅地区其他案例的比较来分析其特点。在这项研究中，牛奶加工系统被归类在喜马拉雅山周围的元球。最后，提出了亚洲大陆干旱地区牛奶文化圈的二重性假说，即帕米尔高原南北牛奶加工系统是分开发展的。根据这一假说，可以得出结论，不同的技术-包括奶油分离、加热从奶油中加工黄油、使用发酵乳作为凝固添加剂、北方地区生产酒精发酵乳、通过搅拌从发酵乳中提取脂肪以及南方地区使用凝乳酶作为凝固添加剂-都是各自发展起来的。所有成员都研究了自己的领域，进行了如牛奶文化圈这样的比较研究，然后提出了假设。

This study focused on the comparative study on changes of societies and ecological heritage among areas. The characteristic of this study is to propose the new area conception such as "meta-sphere around Himalaya". All the members conducted field surveys in each assigned area and analyze its characteristics by comparing other cases over the area around the Himalaya.Most outstanding results came form the field of pastoralizm study. In this study, the milk processing system was classified in the meta-sphere around Himalaya. As the conclusion of this study, a hypothesis on the dualism of the milk cultural sphere in arid areas of the Asian Continent was introduced, which proposes that the milk processing systems to the north and to the south of the Pamirs plateau were developed separately. This hypothesis leads to the conclusion that the different techniques -- including cream separation, butter oil processing from cream by heating, the use of fermented milk as the solidifying-additive, the alcoholic fermented milk producing in northern areas, the extraction of fat from fermented milk by churning, and using rennet as the solidifying-additive in southern areas -- were all developed separately. All members studied their own field, conducted such comparative study as this milk cultural sphere, and then suggested hypothesis.