International Comparative Studies of Men and Forest

1997年，作为三年计划的最后一年，我们把对北美和南美的研究放在首位，而对云南的研究则停止了。首先，在北美，我们研究了一个从北部针叶林带到大草原的生态圈，同时，我们走访了土著居民、（第一民族）、木材公司和政府对森林进行激烈讨论的地方。20世纪70年代，加拿大政府改变政策，承认第一民族的权利。作为回应，原住民主张将经营制度作为森林使用权的先决条件，以传统的方式转移给下一代的可能性。它引起了第一民族和木材公司之间的冲突。当地的渔民，旅行社站在两者之间，他们保持着复杂的利益局势。事实上，政府对这一困境进行了干预。在这种情况下，我们认识到同样的问题不仅……更多地存在于南北对立的背景下，而且也存在于北部地区。在南美洲，我们对安第斯山脉Altiprano地区的植被多样性和历史殖民关系进行了全面的研究。在亚洲，与高原生态系统并列的是西藏高原，而不是尼泊尔高原，因此我们可以认识到安第斯山脉与西藏高原比较研究的重要性。基于对云南盆地的持续研究，我们可以将部分研究成果发表在《东南亚研究》专刊上。虽然我们不能在三年的调查中研究三大洲的所有地区，但我们优先研究了重要的地区，我们了解到以下几点。除了东南亚以外，尼泊尔到西藏的山区、北欧、中美洲、中非地区、北美高纬度地区、安第斯山脉的高原地区和东坡到亚马逊地区，都是人类与森林关系发生剧烈变化的地区，我们需要更广泛的研究来明确包括不同生态区的比较研究的重要性。少

In 1997, as the final year of three-years plan, we prioritized the research in North and South America while we put an end to the research on Yunnan.At first, on North America, we researched an ecology circle from northern conifer forest belt to Prairie, at the same time, we visited the places where the heated discussion on forest have lasted among the indigenous people, (First Nation), lumber company, and the government.In1970s, the Canadian Government change the policy to admit the right of the First Nation. As the response the First Nation claimed the management system that prerequisite for the right of forest use with the traditional possibility that transfer to next generation. It caused the conflict between the First Nation and lumber company. The local fishermen, travel agents stood in between the two, and they kept on complicated interest situation.As a matter of fact, government intervene this difficult situation. In this case, we recognize that the same problem exist not only … More in the context of North-South opposition, but also inside the northregion.In South America, we conducted a comprehensive research on the variety of vegetation at Altiprano area in Andes Mountains and historical colonial relation. In Asia, Tibet high high land, not Nepal, has ranks with Highland ecosystem, so we can recognize the importance of comparative study between Andes Mountains and Tibet Highland. As we based on the continuous research at the basin of Yunnan, we could put the part of results into the Special issue of Southeast Asian Studies.Though we cannot research all the areas of three continents during the three year investigation, we researched important area as a priority, and we understood the followings.In addition to Southeast Asia, the mountain area from Nepal to Tibet, north Europe, central America, central Africa area, the high latitude area of north America, and the highland area and east slop to Amazon of Andes, are the areas where the relation between human and forest moves drastically and where we need more extensive research to clear the importance of comparative study include different ecological area. Less