Development and Application of a Two-Layer Movable Sweating Thermal Manikin - Toward the Construction of Japanese Clothing Database Realizing Energy-saving Lifestyle -

保暖假人是评估衣服、房屋和其他热环境的有用工具。人体模型需要具备以下属性：形状和大小、产热率、皮肤温度、出汗率、姿势和运动等。到目前为止，还没有满足所有这些标准的人体模型。为弥补传统暖体假人与人体的差异，研制了一种双层可移动出汗保暖假人。该假人由两层组成，躯干的核心部分和覆盖全身的贝壳部分分为17个部分，其温度和供热可独立控制。模特的肩部、臀部和膝关节使其能够改变姿势来模拟各种行走姿势。利用蠕动泵控制人体皮肤180个毛孔的出汗率，利用温度计对人体模型的温度性能进行了研究。结果表明，如果将假人的核心温度保持在一个恒定的37℃的体温调节范围内，并通过保持人体各部位到人体水平的热损失处于中性状态来控制皮肤温度，则当假人暴露在18℃下20分钟后，人体四肢表面温度的下降幅度大于躯干表面温度的下降幅度。这类似于人体四肢的皮肤温度下降。通过保持核心温度水平和外壳热输入水平不变，可以更准确地模拟身体裸露和覆盖部分的躯干和四肢的温度变化。为了建立日本服装数据库，利用人体模型对日本消防员防护服、生物防护服和日常服的人体模型、耐热性和耐蒸发性进行了精确测量。

A thermal manikin is a useful tool to evaluate thermal environments such as clothing, houses and others. A manikin needs to have the following properties : shape and size, heat production, skin temperature, sweat rate, pose and movement and others. So far, no manikin satisfying all these criteria has been available. In the present study, a two-layer movable sweating thermal manikin was newly developed as a trial to compensate for the differences between conventional thermal manikins and the human body.The manikin consisted of two layers, a core section in the trunk and a shell section divided into 17 parts over the whole body, the temperature and heat supply of which could be independently controlled. The manikin's shoulder, hip and knee joints made its possible to change the posture to simulate various walking positions. The sweat rate from 180 pores on the skin was controlled by peristaltic pumps.The temperature performance of the manikin was investigated using thermograph. The result showed that if the core temperature of manikin was kept at a constant 37□ like body temperature regulation, and the skin temperature was controlled by keeping the heat loss from each part to the level of the human body in a neutral condition, the surface temperature of the manikin would decrease more in the extremities than in the trunk when the manikin was exposed to 18□ after being exposed to 28□ for 20 minutes. This is analogous to the skin temperature decline in the extremities of the human body. By holding the core temperature level and the shell heat input level constant, the temperature changes in the torso and the extremities of exposed and covered parts of the body can be simulate more exactly. Using the manikin, heat and evaporative heat resistances of a fire-fighter's protective clothing, Bio-Protective clothing and clothing for daily-use in Japan in order to construct Japanese clothing database were precisely measured.