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Effect of surface fires on the fixation of carbon dioxide by eastern Siberian taiga

地表火灾对东西伯利亚针叶林二氧化碳固定的影响

基本信息

批准号：
15255002
负责人：
TAKAHASHI Kunihide
金额：
$ 16.31万
依托单位：
HOKKAIDO UNIVERSITY
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (A)
财政年份：
2003
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
2003 至 2005
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/en/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-15255002/
关键词：
permafrost area fire intensity burned organic matters soil temperature soil moisture photosynthetic rate 地表火実験

项目摘要

The object of this project is to estimate the effects of surface fires on the fixation of carbon dioxide by eastern Siberian taiga and vegetation recovery after a fire. Artificial surface fire was carried out at a mature larch forest near Yakutsk, the capital city of Sakha Republic. Vegetation recovery was observed in two larch forests which burned severely in 2002. The total amount of organic matters burned by the artificial surface fire was 48% of a control site and was estimated low or middle intensity of surface fire. Maximum soil surface temperature was 485℃. Soil temperature at 5cm depth reached 116℃ and kept more than 50℃ for 3 hours. Depression of photosynthesis rate of larch crown in the afternoon decreased significantly compared with the control site just after fire. This phenomenon is assumed that soil water which is used by burned forest floor vegetation by the surface fire could be used by larch trees. Vegetation recovery was influenced by the intensity of fire and soil moisture conditions. Vegetation cover developed faster in a wet site than in a dry site, but 2.2 seedlings/m^2 of larch grew in the dry site. Larch seedlings hardly grew but many birch seedlings grew in wet site. Carbon release of these young and dense larch forests was estimated 34〜37tC/ha. The estimation of the effects of this artificial surface fire needs several years because dieback of larch trees after surface fire was reported to occur for several years.

该项目的目的是评估地表火灾对东西伯利亚针叶林固定二氧化碳和火灾后植被恢复的影响。在萨哈共和国首都雅库茨克附近的一片成熟落叶松林中进行了人工地表火试验。在2002年严重燃烧的两个落叶松林中观察到植被恢复。人工地面火燃烧有机物总量为对照点的48%，属于中低强度地面火。最高土壤表面温度为485℃。5cm土层温度达116℃，并在50℃以上保持3 h。与对照地相比，火烧后落叶松树冠光合速率午后的下降幅度明显减小。这一现象是由于地表火烧毁森林植被后所消耗的土壤水分可以被落叶松所利用。植被恢复受火灾强度和土壤水分条件的影响。湿润地的植被覆盖比干燥地的植被覆盖发展快，但干燥地的落叶松幼苗数为2.2株/m^2。落叶松幼苗几乎不生长，但许多桦树幼苗生长在潮湿的网站。这些年轻而茂密的落叶松林的碳释放量估计为34 × 37 tC/ha。这种人工地面火的影响估计需要几年的时间，因为落叶松林在地面火后枯死的报道发生了几年。