Comparative Study on Characteristic and Change of Moral Economy of Rural Community in Equatorial Africa

这四年来的主要研究成果可以概括为以下四点：1。本次国际研讨会作为常规四年总结的场所，以非洲特色为中心，从比较研究的角度审视非洲道德经济。东南部。亚洲和日本经济。并从跨学科的角度重新审视了未来的研究方向。通过具体的例子可以清楚地看出，非洲的道德经济特征强调的是“消费和再生产”，而不是“物质生产”。在消费方式上。我们可以发现一些特征，如前面指出的“共享经济”。与亚洲农村社会基于平衡互惠的行为模式相比，非洲农村社会表现出广义互惠的特征。此外。非洲农民的行为特征与狩猎/采集社会和牧民有一定的连续性。农牧民的生存情结被确认为支撑非洲农民道德经济的东西。此外。阐明了牲畜作为社会财富用于彩礼的重要性，以及以“再生产”为基础的道德经济组织原则。在发展理论中。迄今为止，人们有一种只关注道德经济阻碍现代化的消极一面的倾向。在实地考察的基础上，提出了可持续发展和内生发展的新观点。阐明了现场社会道德与发展之间连锁运动的可能性。

Main results of research of the four years can be summarized as the following four points.1.The international symposium as a place of a summary of conventional four years was held to examine African moral economy from a viewpoint of comparative studies centering on the characteristics of African. Southeast. Asian and Japanese economy. and reexamined a future direction on the research from an interdisciplinary viewpoint.2. It becomes clear through the concrete examples that African characteristic of moral economy stresses on < consumption and reproduction> than <material production>.In mode of consumption. we can find some features such as "economy of sharing" pointed out in before. The characteristic of generalized reciprocity seems to be seen in African rural villages comparing with a behavior pattern based on balanced reciprocity in Asian rural society. In addition. the behabious characteristic of an African peasant has some continuity with hunting / gatherer society and pastorarist.3. Subsistence complex of agro-pastorarist was confirmed as the thing which supported moral economy of an African peasant. In addition. the importance of livestock as social wealth used in bride-prices and an organization principle of the moral economy based on < reproduction> were clarified.4. In development theory. a tendency to pay attention to only the negative side that moral economy blocked the modernization was seen till now. In a field study in the development spot supported in the new viewpoint as sustained development and endogenous development. the possibility of an interlocking movement between the morality of spot society and development was clearified.