Behavioural effect of grazing yak (Bos grunniens) on material circulation in east Tibetan Plateau, Qinghai Province, China

青海省青藏高原东部放牧牦牛（Bos grunniens）行为对物质循环的影响

• 批准号: 15255020
• 负责人: HASEGAWA Nobumi
• 金额: $ 13.48万
• 依托单位: University of Miyazaki
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (A)
• 财政年份: 2003
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 2003 至 2006
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/en/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-15255020/
• 关键词: Yak; Grazing; Behaviour; Circulation of material; Vegitation; Botanical species diversity; Deteriorat on of rangeland; East Tibetan Plateau; 中国チベット高原; 中国東チベット高原

Investigation was carried out in northern and southern sites of in Tibetan Plateau, Qinghai Province, China. Northern one was a model grazing rangeland area and southern one was suspected that the degradation and desertification of grazing rangeland were going on. The purpose of this research was to obtain the fundamental data for preventing the rangelands from deterioration and desertification through investigating behaviour of yak and material circulation in rangeland ecosystem and for finally establishing sustainable grazing system of yak in the rangelands of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau.Trial was carried out totally seven times, 3 times in Yushu Prefecture, Yushu State and 4 times in Mengyuan Prefecture, Haibei State during 4 years from 2003 to 2006. Consecutive three day recording of behavioural observation and amount of feces excreted for 3 yak cows, grazing tracking with GPS apparatus, grazing behaviour and plant species grazed, vegetation of grazing rangelands, and samples of feces, plants and soils were collected and the chemical compositions were analyzed.Average rumination time of yak in cold season was shorter, material circulation estimated by chemical composition of feces was smaller and approximately a half in southern site than in northern one. Yaks in southern site grazed even the plant species known as avoided. From these results, it is suggested that deterioration of rangeland by overgrazing might have been in progress in southern site.Even in northern site where rangeland was rotationally grazed in warm and cold seasons and was recognized the ecosystem being in good condition, it was indicated that warm season paddock was degraded and yak could not intake nutrition enough for fertilization.From these results, it is considered that alternative grazing systems should be investigated for maintaining floral diversity and preventing grazing rangeland from deterioration and desertification in Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau.

在青藏高原的北方和南方进行了调查。北方为典型放牧区，南方为疑似退化和荒漠化的放牧区，本研究旨在通过对青海省牦牛行为和草地生态系统物质循环的研究，为防止草地退化和荒漠化，建立青海省牦牛可持续放牧制度提供基础资料。在2003 ~ 2006年的4年间，共进行了7次试验，其中玉树州玉树州3次，海北州孟源州4次。对3头牦牛连续3 d的行为观察和排粪量记录、放牧行为和放牧植物种类、放牧草地植被、粪便、植物和土壤样品进行了分析，结果表明：牦牛在冷季的反刍时间较短，根据粪便化学成分估计的物质循环在南部比在北方小，约为一半。牦牛在南部的网站放牧甚至植物物种被称为避免。结果表明，在南部地区，由于过度放牧而导致的草地退化可能正在进行中，即使在北方地区，在暖季和冷季轮牧的草地上，生态系统状况良好，但暖季围场退化，牦牛不能摄取足够的营养用于施肥。因此，为了保持植物多样性，防止青藏高原放牧草地退化和沙化，应研究替代放牧制度。

项目成果

中国青海省北部野草放牧地における放牧強度が育成ヤクの採食行動に及ぼす影響

青海北部野花草场放牧强度对牦牛摄食行为的影响

• 发表时间: 2006
• 期刊: 日本草地学会誌 52(別)(In press)
• 作者: 宋 仁徳;長谷川信美;李 国梅;馬 存寿;馬 成松;張 永明;馬 占榮;馬 占才;小薗正治;秋田 優
• 通讯作者: 秋田 優

チベット高原北部におけるヤク(Bos grunniens)の放牧季節の違いが金露梅(Potentilla fruticosa)優占草地の植物の種多様性と現存量に及ぼす影饗

牦牛不同放牧季节对藏北高原委陵菜为主的草原物种多样性和丰度的影响

• 发表时间: 2007
• 期刊: Animal Behaviour and Management 43・1
• 作者: 李 国梅;長谷川信美;宋 仁徳;井戸田幸子;王 有良;馮 生青
• 通讯作者: 馮 生青

チベット高原北部におけるヤク(Bos grunniens)の暖寒2季輪換放牧での夜間繋留地からの距離による金露梅(Potentilla fruticosa)優占野草地植生のお変動

青藏高原北部牦牛两季轮牧期间，以金露梅为主的野生草甸植被随距夜间锚地距离的变化。

• 发表时间: 2007
• 期刊: Animal Behaviour and Management 43(2)
• 作者: 李 国梅;長谷川信美;宋 仁徳;福田 明;李 海珠;徐 有学;徐 寧
• 通讯作者: 徐 寧

Botanical composition, aboveground biomass and grazing behaviour of yak (Bosgrunniens) in the southern rangeland of Qinghai Province, China

青海省南部牧场植物组成、地上生物量及牦牛 (Bosgrunniens) 放牧行为

• 发表时间: 2006
• 期刊: Acta Prataculturae Sinica Acta Prataculturae Sinica
• 作者: SONG Rende;HASAGAWA Nobumi;IDOTA Sachiko;LI Guomei;NISHIWAKI Aya;JIU Cairen;XU Ning;ZHOU Quingping
• 通讯作者: ZHOU Quingping

ヤクの放牧強度が野草地の植物の種多様性と現存量に及ぼす影響

牦牛放牧强度对野生草甸植物物种多样性和丰度的影响

• 发表时间: 2007
• 期刊: 日本草地学会誌 53(別)
• 作者: 宋 仁徳;長谷川信美;李 国梅;王 有良;馮 生青;王 授軍
• 通讯作者: 王 授軍