Creation of Intelligent Materials with a Resistance to Beam-Impact and Radiation Damage

目前的工作是开发具有强抗光束冲击（或冲击波）和辐射损伤的智能材料。它们是强加速器的光束目标和空间应用所必需的。主要研究结果如下：(1)针对钨靶材，采用机械合金化方法成功研制出抗辐射的超细晶钨材料，将TiC分散到钨中。(2) GBE（晶界工程）控制不锈钢是为了克服焊接材料热影响区的晶间腐蚀而开发的。(3)作为钨靶的一种涂层技术，熔盐法制备的CrN膜厚度已达几微米。(4)对于液态汞靶，C和N等离子体表面处理抑制点蚀损伤的协同效应显著。高速摄像清晰了汞/玻璃窗表面附近的气泡行为，并给出了点蚀问题的线索。(5)在空间应用方面，研发了坚韧的AIN-TiN复合材料和由铌铝组成的智能材料，该材料具有智能阻止碎片攻击产生的微裂纹扩展。(7)对mw级散裂靶用HIP法制备的钽包钨板进行了快速冷却试验，试验结果表明，即使发生失冷剂事故，钽包钨板也不会破裂，具有良好的耐久性。(8)正电子寿命测量表明GBE对缺陷形成没有影响，辐照对缺陷形成没有影响。(9)在Paul Scherrer研究所SINQ设施的散裂靶处辐照的STIP-II样品的辐照后实验表明，日本生产的JPCA不锈钢（SS）伸长率在3dpa以上，而在LANSCE辐照的SS-316伸长率在3dpa以上。未来的任务是收集更多的损伤实验数据，推进理论研究和开发模拟代码系统，以及开发本质上坚固的材料。少

The present work has been performed to develop intelligent materials which have strong resistance to both beam impact (or shock-wave) and radiation damage. They are required for the beam target of an intense accelerator and space applications. Main results are as follows : (1)For the tungsten target, radiation-resistant, ultra-fine grained tungsten materials was successfully developed with a mechanical alloying method, dispersing TiC into tungsten. (2)The GBE (grain boundary engineering) controlled stainless steels were developed for the purpose to overcome an inter-granular corrosion which occurs in a heat affected zone of a weld material. (3)As a coating technique for tungsten target, CrN film formation with the molten salt method has been attained to be several micro-meter thickness. (4)For liquid mercury target, synergistic effect of C and N plasma surface treatment to suppress pitting damage was prominent. High-speed camera clarified bubble behavior near mercury/glass window surfa … More ce and gave a clue of pitting problem. (5)To space application, we developed the tough AIN-TiN composite material and the intelligent material composed of niobium and aluminum that has an intelligence to stop propagation of micro-cracks created by debris attack. (7)Rapid cooling test of tantalum-clad tungsten plate fabricated with the HIP method for MW-class spallation target showed that the plate was not broken and will be endurable even in case of loss-of-coolant accident. (8)Positron lifetime measurement clarified no effect of GBE to defect formation, and did irradiation effects. (9)Post irradiation experiments for STIP-II samples which had been irradiated at the spallation target of the SINQ facility at Paul Scherrer Institut showed that the JPCA, stainless steel (SS) produced in Japan had elongation above 3 dpa, while the SS-316 irradiated at LANSCE lost elongation above 3 dpa. Future tasks are to collect more experimental data of damages, to progress a theoretical investigations and develop the simulation code system, and to develop essentially strong materials. Less