Study on the role of aerosols in polar atmosphere and aerosol-cloud interaction obtained by comparative airborne observations in the Arctic and Antarctic

通过对北极和南极气溶胶的航空观测发现，远距离输送对极地气溶胶的变化至关重要，对气候有很大影响的黑碳的行为可能会在不久的将来成为一个讨论的问题。1.2004年5月至6月，在阿尔弗雷德-韦格纳极地和海洋研究所的合作下，利用两架飞机对2004年北极对流层气溶胶、云和辐射(ASAR)进行了研究。航空观测获得的散射系数和吸收系数均低于2000年3月至4月北极雾霾期间的数值。硫磺气溶胶中的黑碳内部混合物占主导地位。地面观测显示，从春季过渡到夏季，降雨使气溶胶湿沉积，表明气溶胶-云相互作用。日本-德国合作空中大气观测(ANTSY0-II)是在2006年12月至2007年1月期间使用AWI Polar 2进行的。Neumayer站周围共飞行22次，以S17点为基地的Syowa站周围共飞行15次，包括海洋上空的水平飞行和冰面上的垂直剖面飞行。获得了气溶胶的物理、化学和光学性质的三维分布，并对温室气体进行了空气采样。南极半岛Neumayer地区的大气输送比较常见，而大西洋和南美洲的Syowa地区的大气输送比较普遍，这些输送是气溶胶特征的特征。发现了一些黑碳气溶胶通过内陆运输的证据。Syowa站的地面观测和Umitaka Maru号RV上的舰载观测也显示了海洋生物来源的气溶胶的一些证据。

Through airborne observations of aerosols in the Arctic and Antarctic, it was found that a long range transport was crucial to the variations of polar aerosols, and the behavior of black carbon, which has a large impact on climate, might be a matter of discussion in the near future. The major findings were as follows:1. In May to June 2004, Arctic Study of Tropospheric Aerosol, Cloud and Radiation (ASTAR) 2004 was conducted using two airplanes under the cooperation with Alfred-Wegener Institute of Polar and Marine Research (AVM. Both the scattering coefficients and absorption coefficients obtained by airborne observations showed a lower value compared to those in the Arctic haze term, March to April, obtained in ASTAR 2000. Internal mixture of black carbon in the sulfur aerosol was predominant. Ground based observations showed a transition from spring to summer season with a wet deposition of aerosols by rain, suggesting aerosol-cloud interaction.2. Japan-German Cooperative Airborne Atmosphere Observation (ANTSY0-II) was carried out using AWI Polar 2, during December 2006 and January 2007. Total of 22 flights were made around Neumayer Station and 15 flights including horizontal flights over the ocean and vertical profile flights over the ice were made around Syowa Station based at S17 point. 3-D distributions of physical, chemical and optical properties of aerosol were obtained, together with an air sampling for greenhouse gases. Atmospheric transports were rather common from Antarctic peninsula at Neumayer area, on the other hand, they were from the Atlantic and South America at Syowa area, and these transports characterized the aerosol properties. Some evidence of black carbon aerosols transported through inland was found. Ground based observations at Syowa Station and ship borne observations on board RV Umitaka Maru showed also some evidence of aerosols of marine biological origin.