Climatic imopact of aerosol,ozone and cloud in the Arctic

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The goal of the research project was to investigate the behavior, properties and radiative forcing of tropospheric aerosols in the Arctic with the special focus on the "Arctic Haze", and their interaction to cloud formation and surface ozone depletion (SOD). At the Ny-Alesund observatory (79 N, 12 S), in the international research site, following long term observation since 1992, a new observation system was installed to extend the research field to aerosol-cloud-radiation studies. For the purposes, remote sensing by sky radiometer, micro-pulse lidar and precipitation occurrence sensor system has been started together with originally maintained vertical pointing radar and microwave radiometer. Also, in-situ measurements by optical particle counter, integrating nepherometer and particle mobility analyzer have been made. Continuing the surface ozone measurement, SOD relation to the halogen chemistry and sea-salt modification was discussed. A new German-Japanese cooperative project on aerosols in the Arctic, "Arctic Study of Tropospheric Aerosol and Radiation (ASTAR 2000)", was conducted during 5 weeks in March and April, 2000, in the vicinity of Svalbard. Airborne observations of vertical distribution of physical, chemical and optical properties of aerosols were performed using Dornier 228 aircraft of AWI. Extinction coefficients were measured by sunphotometer. In-situ measurements and sampling of aerosols were also made. 19 flights with more than 80 flight hours were conducted based at Longyearbyen airport. Coordinated remote sensing and in-situ measurements at the surface at Ny-Alesund observatory were compared. Balloon-borne aerosol sondes were launched and tethered balloon was used. Data were also compared with SAGE-II satellite measurements. These data were used as input parameters for an Arctic regional climate model to calculate the radiative forcing of aerosols and study their climatic impact.