Climatic imopact of aerosol,ozone and cloud in the Arctic

北极地区气溶胶、臭氧和云的气候影响

• 批准号: 11691138
• 负责人: YAMANOUCHI Takashi
• 金额: $ 17.68万
• 依托单位: Natiomal Institute of Polar Research
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (A)
• 财政年份: 1999
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 1999 至 2001
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-11691138/
• 关键词: aerosol; cloud; Arctic Haze; aerosol-cloud interaction; radiative forcing; surface ozone depletion; long range transport; climatic imapact; 内部混合; 極低気圧(ポーラーロー); 極渦; 国際研究者交流; エアロゾル・雲 相互作用; 輸送・変質過程; 粒径分布; レーダ観測; マイクロパルスライダー; スカイラジオメータ

The goal of the research project was to investigate the behavior, properties and radiative forcing of tropospheric aerosols in the Arctic with the special focus on the "Arctic Haze", and their interaction to cloud formation and surface ozone depletion (SOD). At the Ny-Alesund observatory (79 N, 12 S), in the international research site, following long term observation since 1992, a new observation system was installed to extend the research field to aerosol-cloud-radiation studies. For the purposes, remote sensing by sky radiometer, micro-pulse lidar and precipitation occurrence sensor system has been started together with originally maintained vertical pointing radar and microwave radiometer. Also, in-situ measurements by optical particle counter, integrating nepherometer and particle mobility analyzer have been made. Continuing the surface ozone measurement, SOD relation to the halogen chemistry and sea-salt modification was discussed. A new German-Japanese cooperative project on aerosols in the Arctic, "Arctic Study of Tropospheric Aerosol and Radiation (ASTAR 2000)", was conducted during 5 weeks in March and April, 2000, in the vicinity of Svalbard. Airborne observations of vertical distribution of physical, chemical and optical properties of aerosols were performed using Dornier 228 aircraft of AWI. Extinction coefficients were measured by sunphotometer. In-situ measurements and sampling of aerosols were also made. 19 flights with more than 80 flight hours were conducted based at Longyearbyen airport. Coordinated remote sensing and in-situ measurements at the surface at Ny-Alesund observatory were compared. Balloon-borne aerosol sondes were launched and tethered balloon was used. Data were also compared with SAGE-II satellite measurements. These data were used as input parameters for an Arctic regional climate model to calculate the radiative forcing of aerosols and study their climatic impact.

该研究项目的目标是调查北极对流层气溶胶的行为、特性和辐射强迫，特别侧重于“北极霾”及其与云的形成和地面臭氧消耗的相互作用。在国际研究地点的新奥勒松观测站（北纬79度，南纬12度），经过1992年以来的长期观测，安装了一个新的观测系统，将研究领域扩大到气溶胶云辐射研究。为此目的，已开始使用天空辐射计、微脉冲激光雷达和降水发生传感器系统进行遥感，同时还使用原先维持的垂直指向雷达和微波辐射计。并利用光学粒子计数器、积分浊度计和粒子迁移率分析仪进行了现场测量。继续进行表面臭氧的测定，讨论了卤素化学和海盐改性与SOD的关系。2000年3月和4月在斯瓦尔巴特群岛附近进行了为期5周的关于北极浮质的一个新的德国-日本合作项目，“对流层浮质和辐射北极研究（ASTAR 2000）"。利用AWI公司的Dornier 228型飞机对气溶胶的物理、化学和光学性质的垂直分布进行了空中观测。消光系数用太阳光度计测定。还对气溶胶进行了现场测量和取样。在朗伊尔城机场进行了19次飞行，飞行时数超过80小时。在Ny-Alesund观测站对协调遥感和地面现场测量进行了比较。发射了机载气溶胶探测仪，并使用了系留气球。还将数据与SAGE-II卫星测量数据进行了比较。这些数据被用作北极区域气候模式的输入参数，以计算气溶胶的辐射强迫并研究其气候影响。

项目成果

Yamanouchi, T. and A.Herber: "Plan of Arctic field campaign ASTAR2000 (Arctic Study of Tropospheric Aerosol and Radiation)."Environmental Research in the Arctic 2000, Mem. Natl. Polar Res., Spec. Issue,. 154. 101-106 (2001)

Yamanouchi, T. 和 A.Herber：“北极实地活动计划 ASTAR2000（北极对流层气溶胶和辐射研究）。”2000 年北极环境研究，Mem。

Hara, K. et al.: "Fractionation of inorganic nitrates in winter Arctic troposphere : Coarse aerosol particles containing inorganic nitrates"J.Geophys.Res.. 104. 23671-23679 (1999)

Hara, K. 等人：“冬季北极对流层中无机硝酸盐的分馏：含有无机硝酸盐的粗气溶胶颗粒”J.Geophys.Res.. 104. 23671-23679 (1999)

Asuma, Y., N.Ogitani, M.Wada: "Radar echo characteristics at Ny-Alesund, Spitsbergen Island and Arctic storms over the Norwegian Sea"Extended Abstract of Second Wadati Conference on Global Change and the Polar Climate, Tsukuba, Japan. 166-168 (2001)

Asuma, Y.、N.Ogitani、M.Wada：“新奥勒松、斯匹次卑尔根岛和挪威海上空北极风暴的雷达回波特征”第二届 Wadati 全球变化和极地气候会议的扩展摘要，日本筑波。

Endoh, T., Takahashi, T., Noguchi, I., Tanaka, N., Koga, S., Wada, M.: "On abilities of NO3-in solid precipitation participating in long range transport(Part(I))"Proc.13th International Conference of Cloud and Precipitation. Reno, Nevada USA. 968-971 (200

Endoh, T.、Takahashi, T.、Noguchi, I.、Tanaka, N.、Koga, S.、Wada, M.：“固体降水中NO3-参与远距离输送的能力（上）

Shibata, T., K.Shiraishi, H.Adachi, Y.Iwasaka, M.Fujiwara: "On the lidar observed sandwich structure of polar stratospheric clouds, I, implications for the mixing state of the PSC particles"J.Geophys.Res.. 104. 21603-21611 (1999)

Shibata, T., K.Shiraishi, H.Adachi, Y.Iwasaka, M.Fujiwara：“激光雷达观测到的极地平流层云的夹层结构，I，对 PSC 粒子混合状态的影响”J.Geophys.Res