Evaluation of microbial collection and diversity in south east Asia and search for the correspondence to the microbial diversity

自1992年《生物多样性公约》生效以来，保存含有微生物的生物资源以及通过可持续利用对医疗、食品生产和环境处理作出贡献已变得十分重要。《科技基本法》和生物技术战略会议也显示了其重要性。另一方面，东南亚的微生物资源正在减少。因此，资源的保护是一项重要的课题，而资源的可持续利用对于我国这个资源利用大国也具有重要的战略意义。本研究从以下四个方面对东南亚地区微生物资源的多样性和利用可能性进行了评价，以期对东南亚地区微生物资源的保护和可持续利用有所帮助。1)调查了泰国、菲律宾、越南和台湾地区的微生物资源保存情况。2)在分类分析的基础上，研究了几种微生物的多样性，特别是固氮细菌、放线菌、古细菌。子囊菌酵母、担子菌酵母和丝状真菌。最后对东南亚地区微生物多样性进行了综合评价。3)对微生物资源的持续开发利用进行了生理活性物质生产的探索和分析。日本大阪大学北内大学的研究人员与泰国玛希隆大学共同筛选了从放线菌中产生一些生物活性化合物的菌株。4)我们发现的新微生物存放在日本及其原籍国的微生物资源中心。在这个项目中，我们可以更好地促进与东南亚微生物研究的科学交流。

Since the effectuation of Convention on Biological Diversity in 1992, preservation of the bioresource containing microbe and the contribution to the medical treatment, production of food, an enviromnmenttal treatment by sustainable utilization have become important. The importance has been shown also in Science and Technology Basic Law and a biotechnology strategy meeting. On the other hand, the microbial resources of Southeast Asia are decreasing. Accordingly preservation of the resources is an important subject, and sustainable utilization of the resources is strategically important also for our country which is a resource use country.In this research, evaluation of the diversity of microbial resources in Southeast Asia and possibility of use the microorganisms were performed as the four following points, in order to the protection of microbial resources and sustainable utilization in Asian nations. 1) We investigated the preservation situation of microbial resources in each, Thai, Philippine, Vietnam, and Taiwan. 2) Based on the taxonomic analysis the microbial diversity was investigated in several microbes, especially nitrogen fixing bacteria, actinobacteria, Archaea. ascomycetous yeast, basidiomycetous yeast and filamentous fungi. Finally the microbial diversity in Southeast Asia was evaluated synthetically. 3) The search and analysis of the physiologically active substance production which aimed at continuous exploitation of microbe resources were performed. The members of Osaka Univ. Kitasato Univ. were screening the strain producing some bioactive compound from actinobacteria with Mahidol University, Thailand. 4) Novel microbes which we found were deposited to the microbial resource center in Japan and its original countries. During this project, we could promote much better scientific exchange with microbial researches in Southeast Asia.