Emergence of novel behavior pattern and developmental process of cultural behavior

新行为模式的产生与文化行为的发展过程

基本信息

批准号：
16255007
负责人：
NISHIDA Toshsada
金额：
$ 19.47万
依托单位：
Japan Monkey Centre
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (A)
财政年份：
2004
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
2004 至 2006
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

Development, learning, propagation, and acquisition rate of locality-specific behavior patterns, and rate of cultural fixation of innovative patterns have been investigated for M group chimpanzees at Mahale, Tanzania. Ant-fishing begins at age 3, with its skill improving at age 5, and become perfect around age 7-8. Individuals begin grooming-hand-clasp with mothers at age 5, subsequently with adult females and finally with adult males around age 9. The slow development of grooming-hand-clasp compared with cognitively-demanding tool-using is remarkable. Many cultural patterns have been confirmed for most weaned chimpanzees. However, sex and age differences also exist Some females do not perform leaf-clipping courtship, while all the males do. Shrub-bend courtship is shown by only males, and throw-splash and metal-wall-drumming by only adult males. Such innovative patterns as mouth-holding of infant and belly-slapping display spread to at least one other individual, whilst nasal probe ne … More ver spread. Innovative patterns including belly-slapping, digging stick for water and nipple press continue for 3-10 years on an individual basis, but likely perish without becoming a culture. However, the number of youngsters performing innovative behaviors such as leaf-sponge/spoon and muzzle-rubbing with a branch have gradually increased recently, which may be an example of fashion based on social learning. Chimpanzees often peer other individuals engaged in grooming, eating, baby caring, and self-medicating. Peering may be one of the mechanisms through which youngsters acquire traditions. The tendency for younger individuals peer older ones indicates the possible function of social leaning, but the fact that adult individuals also sometimes peer suggests another function. Youngsters get a traditional menu from eating food left over by relatives and playmates. Some patterns such as leaf-clipping seem to be common local cultures. Rapid habituation to humans suggests the socialization process by which newcomers acquire M-group's attitudes to humans. M-group chimpanzees neither predate nor scavenge aardvarks and leopards. Despite this conservative nature, they have adopted a new food culture of eating yellow baboons. DNA analyses based on excretions show that alpha males inseminated more than half of infants and that male outside of the group had none. Father-offspring comparison of behavior will be an interesting challenge. A study of Y chromosome polymorphisms indicates that males of M group and a neighboring group have common male ancestors. We have collected field materials including: 750 DV tapes, 10, 000 still photos, 220 field notes, 3 chimpanzee skeletons, 900 tubes of insects, 112 urine and 139 fecal samples. Less

在坦桑尼亚Mahale的M Group Chimpanzees投资了针对特定地区行为模式的开发，学习，传播和获取率以及创新模式的文化固定率。蚂蚁钓鱼从3岁开始，其技能在5岁时提高，并在7-8岁左右变得完美。个体在5岁时开始与母亲进行修饰，随后与成年女性以及最终与9岁左右的成年男性开始。与认知单位的工具使用相比，美容手的发展缓慢是显着的。大多数断奶的黑猩猩已经确认了许多文化模式。但是，性别和年龄差异也存在一些女性，而所有雄性都没有表现出叶子。灌木弯曲的求爱仅由男性显示出来，只有成年男性就扔了碎片和金属壁。诸如婴儿和腹部张开显示的刺眼的创新模式传播到至少一个人，而鼻腔探测器则更多。包括腹部拍打，挖水和乳头压力在内的创新模式持续了3-10年，但可能会灭亡而不会成为一种文化。但是，最近逐渐增加了诸如叶子海绵/勺子和枪口的创新行为的年轻人数量，这可能是基于社会学习的时尚的一个例子。黑猩猩经常凝视其他人从事美容，进食，关怀和自我感兴趣。凝视可能是年轻人获得传统的机制之一。年轻人的趋势表明了社会倾向的可能功能，但是成年人有时也同行的事实表明了另一个功能。年轻人可以从亲戚和玩伴留下的食物中获得传统的菜单。诸如叶片叶片之类的一些模式似乎是当地的常见文化。对人类的快速习惯表明，新移民将M-Group的与会者吸引到人类的社会化过程中。 M-GROUP黑猩猩既不早于Aardvarks和Leopards。尽管这种保守的性质，他们还是采用了一种新的食物来吃黄狒狒。基于排泄物的DNA分析表明，α雄性雄性授予超过一半的婴儿，而该组以外的男性没有。育子春季比较行为将是一个有趣的挑战。对Y染色体多态性的研究表明，M组的雄性和一个相邻群体具有共同的男性祖先。我们收集了现场材料，包括：750张DV磁带，10,000张静止照片，220张田径笔记，3个黑猩猩骨骼，900个绝缘管，112个尿液和139个粪便样品。较少的