权益分类	功能权益	普通用户	{{item.name}}会员
{{category.name}}	{{benefitItem.name}}

Emergence of novel behavior pattern and developmental process of cultural behavior

新行为模式的产生与文化行为的发展过程

基本信息

批准号：
16255007
负责人：
NISHIDA Toshsada
金额：
$ 19.47万
依托单位：
Japan Monkey Centre
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (A)
财政年份：
2004
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
2004 至 2006
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

Development, learning, propagation, and acquisition rate of locality-specific behavior patterns, and rate of cultural fixation of innovative patterns have been investigated for M group chimpanzees at Mahale, Tanzania. Ant-fishing begins at age 3, with its skill improving at age 5, and become perfect around age 7-8. Individuals begin grooming-hand-clasp with mothers at age 5, subsequently with adult females and finally with adult males around age 9. The slow development of grooming-hand-clasp compared with cognitively-demanding tool-using is remarkable. Many cultural patterns have been confirmed for most weaned chimpanzees. However, sex and age differences also exist Some females do not perform leaf-clipping courtship, while all the males do. Shrub-bend courtship is shown by only males, and throw-splash and metal-wall-drumming by only adult males. Such innovative patterns as mouth-holding of infant and belly-slapping display spread to at least one other individual, whilst nasal probe ne … More ver spread. Innovative patterns including belly-slapping, digging stick for water and nipple press continue for 3-10 years on an individual basis, but likely perish without becoming a culture. However, the number of youngsters performing innovative behaviors such as leaf-sponge/spoon and muzzle-rubbing with a branch have gradually increased recently, which may be an example of fashion based on social learning. Chimpanzees often peer other individuals engaged in grooming, eating, baby caring, and self-medicating. Peering may be one of the mechanisms through which youngsters acquire traditions. The tendency for younger individuals peer older ones indicates the possible function of social leaning, but the fact that adult individuals also sometimes peer suggests another function. Youngsters get a traditional menu from eating food left over by relatives and playmates. Some patterns such as leaf-clipping seem to be common local cultures. Rapid habituation to humans suggests the socialization process by which newcomers acquire M-group's attitudes to humans. M-group chimpanzees neither predate nor scavenge aardvarks and leopards. Despite this conservative nature, they have adopted a new food culture of eating yellow baboons. DNA analyses based on excretions show that alpha males inseminated more than half of infants and that male outside of the group had none. Father-offspring comparison of behavior will be an interesting challenge. A study of Y chromosome polymorphisms indicates that males of M group and a neighboring group have common male ancestors. We have collected field materials including: 750 DV tapes, 10, 000 still photos, 220 field notes, 3 chimpanzee skeletons, 900 tubes of insects, 112 urine and 139 fecal samples. Less

对坦桑尼亚Mahale的M群黑猩猩的特定行为模式的发展、学习、繁殖和习得率以及创新模式的文化固定率进行了调查。蚂蚁钓鱼从3岁开始，在5岁时技能有所提高，在7-8岁左右变得完美。个体在5岁时开始与母亲握手，随后与成年女性握手，最后在9岁左右与成年男性握手。与使用认知要求很高的工具相比，打扮扣手的发展缓慢是值得注意的。对于大多数断奶的黑猩猩来说，许多文化模式已经得到证实。然而，性别和年龄差异也存在，一些雌性不进行剪叶求爱，而所有雄性都进行。只有雄性才会表现出弯弯曲曲的求偶行为，只有成年雄性才会表现出投掷、溅水和敲打金属墙的行为。这种创新的模式，如抱着婴儿的嘴和拍打腹部的展示，至少传播到了另一个人，而鼻部探头Ne…更多的VER扩散。包括拍打肚皮、挖水棍和按乳头等创新模式在个人基础上持续了3-10年，但如果不成为一种文化，这些模式很可能会消亡。然而，最近进行树叶海绵/勺子和用树枝摩擦口吻等创新行为的年轻人逐渐增加，这可能是基于社交学习的时尚的一个例子。黑猩猩经常窥视其他从事美容、进食、照看婴儿和自我用药的个体。凝视可能是年轻人获得传统的机制之一。年轻人看年长的人的倾向表明了社会学习的可能功能，但成年人有时也会同行的事实表明了另一种功能。年轻人通过吃亲戚和玩伴留下的食物来获得传统菜单。剪叶等一些模式似乎是当地常见的文化。对人类的快速适应意味着新来者获得M群体对人类的态度的社会化过程。M群黑猩猩既不捕食土豚和豹子，也不捕食。尽管这种保守的本性，他们已经采用了一种新的饮食文化，吃黄狒狒。基于排泄物的DNA分析显示，阿尔法男性让超过一半的婴儿受精，而组外的男性没有。父子行为的比较将是一个有趣的挑战。Y染色体多态研究表明，M群体和邻近群体的男性有共同的男性祖先。我们收集了现场资料，包括：750盘DV磁带，1万张静止照片，220份野外笔记，3具黑猩猩骨架，900管昆虫，112份尿样和139份粪便样本。较少