Formal modeling of operational flexibility in multi-scale multi-modal energy systems

为了稳定和安全地运行，电力系统需要操作灵活性，即能够可靠地调整电力注入或消耗，以应对负荷和发电量的波动。在不同系统服务的上下文中需要灵活性，例如用于频率和电压控制、用于拥塞管理或用于能量资源的经济调度。同样，市场参与者可以将现有的灵活性用于不同的目的，例如优化其能源采购或自身消费，避免失衡，或在市场上为灵活性服务赚取收入。一方面，系统的灵活性要求，另一方面，通过不同资源提供这种灵活性的能力，通常是分开处理的。灵活性要求和交付灵活性的潜力的量化往往是根据具体情况而定的。然而，为了优化跨灵活性类型和跨系统级别的灵活性部署--在时间和空间尺度上--业务灵活性的特点及其需求和供应情况应以尽可能通用的方式建模。鉴于不同系统级别的灵活性要求，这有助于找到最有效的灵活性资源分配。该项目致力于开发这样一种正式描述，使能够协调其部署的优化工具能够访问不同灵活性选项的特征。待制定的正式描述应便于进行数学运算，以帮助分析所有时间和空间尺度上所需和可用的灵活性。它还应促进区域聚合，并区分必须提供不同系统服务的时间范围。它的目标是从计算机网络计算方法(如网络微积分方法及其最小+代数)中获得灵感，从而推导出一种“灵活性代数”。

For its stable and safe operation, the electricity system requires operational flexibility, i. e. the ability to reliably adapt power injections or consumption in reaction to fluctuations in load and generation. Flexibility is required in the context of different system services, e. g. for frequency and voltage control, for congestion management, or for the economic dispatch of energy resources. In the same way, market players can use existing flexibility for different purposes, such as optimizing their energy procurement or own consumption, avoiding imbalances, or earning revenues on markets for flexibility services. The system's flexibility requirements on the one hand, and the ability to provide such flexibility by different resources on the other hand, are usually addressed separately. The quantification of both the flexibility requirements and the potential to deliver flexibility is very often context-specific. However, in order to optimize flexibility deployment across flexibility types and across system levels – both in terms of temporal and spatial scales – the character of operational flexibility, along with its demand and supply situation should be modeled in an as generic way as possible. This facilitates finding the most efficient allocation of flexibility resources, given the flexibility requirements at the different system levels. This project sets out to develop such a formal description, making the characteristics of different flexibility options accessible to optimization tools that can coordinate its deployment. The formalized description to be developed should facilitate mathematical operations that help analyzing required and available flexibility at all temporal and spatial scales. It should also facilitate regional aggregation, and the differentiation of the time scales at which different system services must be available. It is the goal to derive a “flexibility algebra” that is inspired from computer network calculation methods, such as the Network Calculus method and its min-plus algebra.