The basic research for assignment of the date on cultural properties of paper materials(documents, classical books, the sacred teachings, drawings)

本研究的目的是建立一种方法来确定文化财产的纸质材料（文件，经典书籍，神圣的教义，图画）的日期，而不是明确地写它的制造日期。该方法仅限于一种光学观察，即无损伤的调查。为此，我们对文物进行了调查，特别是对原始文件的书写纸进行了调查，并将其转交给了拥有它们的机构。主要有“东路百乡文条”、“上似文条”等....它们总共大约有1万个。此外，关于现代以前的书写纸，为了确定这些纸是否真的能够按照我们小组指定的方式制作，我们与Kouch造纸工业技术中心合作，在原始状态下复制了它们。例如，其中之一是通过“Turiboshi”（=如何将他们悬挂起来）来复制“Otakadannshi”。为了进一步研究中国“唐前”与日本“奈良”、中国“So”与日本“纸”的关系，我们访问了中国和韩国，考察了文献和圣道的纸。结果表明：关于中国的纸，我们可以肯定，“康”时代（中国）前半期的纸作为书写材料是不成熟的，但它的制作方法与“卡米”（纸）相同，“赛林”时代的纸是很好的书写材料，“苏”时代的“森石”和竹纸的白色和光滑对江户时代的纸的生产产生了很大的影响。关于日本古代手稿和书写纸的变化，我们可以把握每个时代的特色书写纸，从奈良时代的“麻纸”到江户时代的“大隆丹纸”。而关东地区武士在战国时期所发的书信信纸，在以前的时代是独一无二的，我们需要思考它对江户时代纸张生产的影响。这些结果完全可以作为确定写作论文日期的标准。少

The object of this research is to establish the method to assign the date on cultural properties of paper materials (documents, classical books , the sacred teachings, drawings) which is not clearly written its manufactured date. The method is limited to one by the optical observation, that is, by unharmed investigation. To this end, we investigated the cultural properties, especially, the writing paper of original documents, going to the institution which are possessed to them. Main ones of them are 'Toji Hyakugo Monnjo", "Uesugike Monnjo" etc....They amount to about 10,000 in all. Also, about the writing paper of documents of before modern age, to ascertain whether those paper will actually be able to be made by the way our group assigned, we experimented in reproducing them in original state, in cooperation with the Kouch technical centre of the Paper Industry. One of them is reproducing of "Otakadannshi" by "Turiboshi" (=how to air them hanging), for example. And further, to consid … More er the relation between the paper of before "Tang age" (in China) and that of Nara age (in Japan), also between the paper of from "So" age (in China) and that of Japan, we visited China and Korea, and investigated the paper of documents and sacred teachings. The result is as follows: About Chinese paper we could confirm that the paper of the first half of "Kann" age (in China) is immature as materials to write on , but the method of making it, is the same as "Kami" (paper), and that the paper from "Sairinn" is good material to write on, also that the white and smoothness of "Sennshi" and bamboo paper from "So" age greatly influenced the production of paper from Edo age. On the subject of the change of Japanese ancient manuscripts and writing papers or something, we could grasp the characteristic writing paper of each age, from "Mashi" (cambric paper) in Nara age to "Otaka dannshi" in Edo period. And the writing paper of letters issued by Samurai in Kannto District in "Senngoku" period (warlike age), is singular to former ages, and we need to think over its effect on the production of paper in Edo period. These results can fully be used as the standard to assign the date of writing paper. Less