A BASIC STUDY ABOUT REGIONAL CHARACTERISTICS AND CHANGES WITH THE TIMES OF MATERIALS COMPOSING 'MONJO-RYOSHI'(WRITING PAPER FOR DOCUMENTS)

地域特征及构成“文字材料”的材料随时代变化的基础研究

• 批准号: 04301039
• 负责人: TOMITA Masahiro
• 金额: $ 10.3万
• 依托单位: TOYAMA UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for Co-operative Research (A)
• 财政年份: 1992
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 1992 至 1994
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-04301039/
• 关键词: 'Monjo-Ryoshi' (writing paper for documents); 'Danshi'; 'Hikiawase'; 'Suibaragami'; 'Torinoko'; 'Hoshogami'; 'Kamiyagami'; the face and the back of paper; 文書の料紙; 斐紙(鳥の子); 紙の製法; 紙の使用法; 古文書料紙; 和紙; 楮紙

We reseach into the historical changes of 'Monjo-Ryoshi' (writing paper for documents)in ancient and medieval times by many historical records, so we found some kinds of paper such as 'Kamiyagami', 'Danshi', 'Hikiawase', 'Suibaragami' and 'Torinoko' etc.. Concerning 'Monjo-Ryoshi' in Heian era, 'Kamiyagami' was used for important public documents as 'Koshi' (public paper), on orther hand, 'Danshi' , that is to say, a kind of 'Choshi' (paper made from paper mulberry) which was produced in a rocality, was used for insignificant documents and private ones. In the late Heian era, 'Danshi' had driven out 'Kamiyagami', whose quality was poor, and had become writing paper for important public documents.As it set in Kamakura era, in Kyoto, 'Danshi'developed into 'Koshi', and specialized 'Taka-Danshi' (large 'Danshi') and 'Danshi' (general 'Danshi'). In the late Kamakura era, the better one of general 'Danshi's was called 'Hikiawase', and used for the writing paper of lettres by upper nobels an … More d bonzes. In Kamakura, 'Onkudashibumigami' was used for 'Kudashibumi' and 'Gechijo' etc.by 'Bakufu' , while 'Suibaragami' was very often used for 'Mikyojo' by 'Bakufu' , and private letters by 'Bushi'.After 'Kenmu-shinsei' (New Government by emperor Godaigo), owing to many 'Kanto-Bushi's staying permanently in Kyoto, the use of 'Monjo-Ryoshi's after the manner of Kamakura, was brought in Kyoto. On the other hand, 'Bushi's were affected by the manner of Kyoto, too. And those uses got to mix each other.As for 'Kuge' (Nobels), temples and shrines, 'O-Taka-Danshi' and 'Ko-Taka-Danshi' were specialized from 'Taka-Danshi', and they must be conected with 'Otaka-Danshi' and 'Kotaka-Danshi' in Edo era. About 'Buke', 'Kamakuragami'('Onkudashibumigami')disappered out of the leading part of the writing paper for documents by 'Bakufu', and was substituted for 'Suibaragami'.In the late Muromachi era, both 'Kuge' and 'Bushi's began to use 'Hikiawase' and 'Torinoko' as the writing paper for documents in 'Shosatsu' (letter) style. 'Taka-Danshi' led to the writing paper for 'Shuinjo' and 'Hanmotsu' by Toyotomi Hideyoshi. It is also said that 'Hoshogami'which appeared in this period, had originated from 'Hikiawase'.By further examination into the existing 'Monjo-Ryoshi', we could trace the changes of them with the times. "The changes of the length and width, the ratio of the latter to the former, thickness, specific gravity, the numbers of 'Sunome', the space between finelines." We have conformed that common turning point between those was Muromachi era, moreover, we have made it clear that it was closely connected with the prevalence of 'Suibaragami'. Less

我们通过大量的历史记载来研究古代和中世纪的“文房用纸”的历史变迁，因此我们发现了“神屋上纸”、“丹纸”、“彦川纸”、“水原上纸”和“鸟子纸”等几种纸。关于平安时代的“文房四宝”，“神屋上”作为“Koshi”（公共文件）被用于重要的公共文件，另一方面，“Danshi”，也就是说，一种“铫子”（用桑葚制成的纸），在一个地方生产，被用于无关紧要的文件和私人文件。在平安时代后期，“丹纸”取代了质量差的“神屋上”，成为重要公文的书写用纸。以镰仓时代为背景，在京都，“丹纸”发展为“越纸”，并专门化了“高丹纸”（大丹纸）和“丹纸”（一般丹纸）。在镰仓时代后期，“丹石将军”的较好的一种被称为“Hikiawase”，并被上层贵族和 ...更多信息 四个和尚。在镰仓，“Onjuashibumigami”被用于“Kudashibumi”和“Gechijo”etc.by“Bakufu”，而“Suibaragami”经常被用于“Mikyojo”的“Bakufu”，以及“Bushi”的私人信件。在“Kenmu-shinsei”（新政府由皇帝Godaigo）之后，由于许多“关东-Bushi”的永久居住在京都，使用“Monjo-Ryoshi”后，镰仓的方式，被带到了京都。另一方面，“布什的影响，京都的方式，太。而这些用途就相互混合了。至于“Kuge”（贵族）、寺庙和神社，“O-Taka-Danshi”和“Ko-Taka-Danshi”是从“Taka-Danshi”专门化的，它们在江户时代必须与“Otaka-Danshi”和“Kotaka-Danshi”联系在一起。关于“Buke”，“Kamakuragami”（“Ontagashibumigami”）从“Bakufu”的文件书写纸的主要部分消失，取而代之的是“Suibaragami”。在室町时代后期，“Kuge”和“Bushi's”都开始使用“Hikiawase”和“Torinoko”作为“Shosatsu”（信件）风格的文件书写纸。《高丹子》引出了丰臣秀吉的《修庄》和《半本》的写作论文。这一时期出现的“保章神”，据说是源于“彦川”，通过对现存的“文房四宝”的进一步考察，我们可以追溯到它们随时代的变化。“长度和宽度的变化，后者与前者的比例，厚度，比重，'Sunome'的数量，细线之间的空间。“我们已经确认，这两个时代之间的共同转折点是室町时代，而且，我们已经清楚地表明，这与‘水原神’的流行密切相关。少

项目成果

Ayamura, Hiroshi: "Documents on the reverse of Koufukuji buddhist sutra" 'Annual bullentin of the Nara national cultural properties reseach instltute'. 1992. 44-47 (1993)

绫村宏：《兴福寺佛经背面的资料》《奈良国家文化遗产研究机构年报》。

富田正弘: "書評と紹介『古文書入門ハンドブック』" 古文書学研究. 40. 102-104 (1995)

Masahiro Tomita：“《古代文献入门手册》书评和简介”古文字研究。 40. 102-104 (1995)

Ayamura, Hiroshi: "Writing brushe, ink sticks and inkstones" 'Monthly cultural properties magazine'. 362. 51-55 (1993)

绫村浩：《毛笔、墨砚》《文化遗产月刊》。

綾村 宏: "筆・墨と硯" 月刊文化財. 362号. 51-55 (1993)

绫村浩：《笔墨砚台》文化财月刊第362号51-55（1993年）。

Sugimoto, Kazuki: "Explanation on facsimile edition of the Shosoin Documents" 'Facsimile edition of the Shosoin Documents'. Vol.6. 5-81 (1993)

杉本一树：“正仓院文献传真版的说明”“正仓院文献传真版”。