A BASIC STUDY ABOUT REGIONAL CHARACTERISTICS AND CHANGES WITH THE TIMES OF MATERIALS COMPOSING 'MONJO-RYOSHI'(WRITING PAPER FOR DOCUMENTS)

我们通过查阅大量史料，研究了古代和中世纪“文书纸”的历史变化，发现了“神谷纸”、“丹石”、“Hikiawase”、“水原纸”、“Torinoko”等。在平安时代的“文纪”中，“神神”作为“公纸”用于重要的公共文件，而“丹纸”则是在地方生产的一种“桑纸”（用纸），用于无关紧要的文件和私人文件。平安时代晚期，“丹诗”驱逐了质量低劣的“神谷神”，成为重要公文的书写用纸。以镰仓时代为背景，在京都，“丹诗”发展为“Koshi”，并专门为“大丹诗”和“丹诗”（一般丹诗）。在镰仓时代后期，将军丹氏的较好的一种被称为“Hikiawase”，用于上层贵族和贵族的信件信纸。在镰仓，“Onkudashibumigami”被“Bakufu”用于“kudashibum”和“Gechijo”等，而“Suibaragami”经常被“Bakufu”用于“Mikyojo”，以及“Bushi”的私人信件。在“健武新生”（Godaigo天皇的新政府）之后，由于许多关东武士长期居住在京都，在镰仓的方式之后，使用了“文州良”。另一方面，日本人也受到了京都的影响。这些用途必须相互混合。至于“诺贝尔”、寺庙和神社，“O-Taka-Danshi”和“Ko-Taka-Danshi”是由“Taka-Danshi”特殊化而来的，必须与江户时代的“Otaka-Danshi”和“Kotaka-Danshi”联系起来。关于“Buke”，“Kamakuragami”（“Onkudashibumigami”）从“Bakufu”文件的信纸的开头部分消失，取而代之的是“Suibaragami”。在室町时代后期，“Kuge”和“Bushi”都开始使用“Hikiawase”和“Torinoko”作为“Shosatsu”（信）风格文件的信纸。“Taka-Danshi”导致了丰臣秀吉（Toyotomi Hideyoshi）的“Shuinjo”和“Hanmotsu”的写信纸。也有人说，在这一时期出现的“Hoshogami”起源于“Hikiawase”。通过对现存“文武良书”的进一步考察，我们可以追溯其随时代的变化。“长度和宽度的变化，后者与前者的比例，厚度，比重，‘Sunome’的数量，细线之间的空间。”我们已经确认了这两个时代的共同转折点是室町时代，而且，我们已经明确指出它与“水原神”的流行密切相关。少

We reseach into the historical changes of 'Monjo-Ryoshi' (writing paper for documents)in ancient and medieval times by many historical records, so we found some kinds of paper such as 'Kamiyagami', 'Danshi', 'Hikiawase', 'Suibaragami' and 'Torinoko' etc.. Concerning 'Monjo-Ryoshi' in Heian era, 'Kamiyagami' was used for important public documents as 'Koshi' (public paper), on orther hand, 'Danshi' , that is to say, a kind of 'Choshi' (paper made from paper mulberry) which was produced in a rocality, was used for insignificant documents and private ones. In the late Heian era, 'Danshi' had driven out 'Kamiyagami', whose quality was poor, and had become writing paper for important public documents.As it set in Kamakura era, in Kyoto, 'Danshi'developed into 'Koshi', and specialized 'Taka-Danshi' (large 'Danshi') and 'Danshi' (general 'Danshi'). In the late Kamakura era, the better one of general 'Danshi's was called 'Hikiawase', and used for the writing paper of lettres by upper nobels an … More d bonzes. In Kamakura, 'Onkudashibumigami' was used for 'Kudashibumi' and 'Gechijo' etc.by 'Bakufu' , while 'Suibaragami' was very often used for 'Mikyojo' by 'Bakufu' , and private letters by 'Bushi'.After 'Kenmu-shinsei' (New Government by emperor Godaigo), owing to many 'Kanto-Bushi's staying permanently in Kyoto, the use of 'Monjo-Ryoshi's after the manner of Kamakura, was brought in Kyoto. On the other hand, 'Bushi's were affected by the manner of Kyoto, too. And those uses got to mix each other.As for 'Kuge' (Nobels), temples and shrines, 'O-Taka-Danshi' and 'Ko-Taka-Danshi' were specialized from 'Taka-Danshi', and they must be conected with 'Otaka-Danshi' and 'Kotaka-Danshi' in Edo era. About 'Buke', 'Kamakuragami'('Onkudashibumigami')disappered out of the leading part of the writing paper for documents by 'Bakufu', and was substituted for 'Suibaragami'.In the late Muromachi era, both 'Kuge' and 'Bushi's began to use 'Hikiawase' and 'Torinoko' as the writing paper for documents in 'Shosatsu' (letter) style. 'Taka-Danshi' led to the writing paper for 'Shuinjo' and 'Hanmotsu' by Toyotomi Hideyoshi. It is also said that 'Hoshogami'which appeared in this period, had originated from 'Hikiawase'.By further examination into the existing 'Monjo-Ryoshi', we could trace the changes of them with the times. "The changes of the length and width, the ratio of the latter to the former, thickness, specific gravity, the numbers of 'Sunome', the space between finelines." We have conformed that common turning point between those was Muromachi era, moreover, we have made it clear that it was closely connected with the prevalence of 'Suibaragami'. Less