Superconducting gap in high-temperature superconductors

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We have investigated cuprate and iron-based superconductors by scanning tunneling microscopy/spectroscopy. We found that carriers doped into a Mott insulator, which is a parent material of cuprate superconductors, induce a pseudo-gap state which breaks symmetry of the underlying lattice. We developed a technique which enables us to analyze the phase of superconducting gap. Using this new technique, we determined the superconducting-gap structure of an iron-based superconductor. We have also studied electronic states of quantized vortices in these superconductors.