Holocene Landscape History in the forest area „Schweinert“ – a geoarchaeological study in Germany’s largest Bronze Age barrow cemetery

位于南勃兰登堡的森林地区“Schweinert”拥有德国最大的青铜时代手推车墓地。大约650个保存完好的墓丘分布在总面积约30公顷的地方，可以追溯到劳萨斯文化。墓地位于施瓦茨·埃尔斯特河的冲积洪泛平原上，被一系列河流切割。在该项目范围内，进行了地质考古调查，以澄清有关自然遗址条件的重要问题，并重建全新世的景观发展。该项目的主要问题是：(1)施魏因特地区巴罗墓地的全新世地貌-土壤-沉积物背景是什么？(2)我们能否通过新的考古学发现来增加我们对墓地的了解？(3)在更广泛的环境中，施魏因特和全新世建造之间是否存在地层联系？为了回答这些问题，我们采用了以地形层序为核心要素的地貌-土壤-沉积学方法。沿着地形层序，通过土坑和土壤钻探对土壤和母质进行描述、采样和成因分类。与连锁带平行运行，将进行ERT和GPR的地球物理勘探。此外，还将对选定的地磁分区进行地磁测量。根据地球物理勘探结果，将选择地点进行考古发掘。在这些发现的概要中，我们打算获得关于中欧最重要的青铜时代手推车墓地的景观历史的新见解。

The forest area "Schweinert", located in South Brandenburg, hosts Germany’s largest Bronze Age barrow cemetery. About 650 well preserved burial mounds, dated to the Lausatian culture, are spread over a total area of approximately 30 ha. The burial ground is situated in the alluvial floodplain of the river Schwarze Elster and is dissected by a system of fluvial channels. Within the scope of this project geoarchaeological investigations are carried out in order to clarify important questions regarding natural site conditions and to reconstruct the Holocene landscape development. The main questions of the project are: (1) What is the Holocene landform-soil-sediment context of the barrow cemetery in the Schweinert? (2) Can we increase our knowledge of the necropolis by new archeological findings? (3) Are there stratigraphic connections between the Schweinert and the Holocene formations in the wider environment? In order to answer these questions, we use a geomorphological-pedological-sedimentological approach with toposequences as core element. Along the toposequences, soils and parent materials are described, sampled and genetically classified by means of soil pits and soil drillings. Running parallel to the catenas, geophysical prospection by ERT and GPR will be performed. Furthermore, geomagnetic measurements of selected subplots will be carried out. On basis of geophysical prospection results sites will be selected for archaeological excavations. In a synopsis of the findings, we intend to obtain new insights concerning the landscape history of the most important Bronze Age barrow cemetery of Central Europe.