Diffusion risk of herbicide resistance gene of ryegrass

大面积持续施用除草剂促进了杂草抗性的快速进化。黑麦草（Lolium spp）是报道最多的抗除草剂杂草之一。由于黑麦草是小麦出口国麦田的主要杂草，其种子作为进口小麦商品的污染物传入日本。主要港口周边地区检测到抗除草剂植物。为评价抗除草剂基因在无除草剂使用地区的扩散风险，本文分析了(1)抗性后代出现频率；(2)物种的基因流动和空间遗传结构；(3)抗除草剂基因的来源。

Persistent herbicide application to weed species across vast areas promotes the rapid evolution of herbicide resistance among them. Ryegrass (Lolium spp) is one of the most reported herbicide-resistant weeds. Because ryegrass species is major weed of wheat field of wheat-exporting countries, their seeds are introduced into Japan as contaminants in imported wheat commodity. Herbicide resistant plants were detected in surrounding area of major ports.To assess diffusion risk of herbicide resistant gene in area without herbicide use, I analyzed (1) frequency of resistant progenies, (2) gene flow and spatial genetic structure of the species, and (3) origin of the herbicide resistant gene.