Prince - University - Money. A comparative study of the finances of the universities of Heidelberg and Freiburg until the outbreak of the Thirty Years' War.

本项目以历时性和比较性的方法分析了海德堡大学和弗赖堡大学的财政状况。因此，它的目的是有助于更好地了解如何王子，公国和大学之间的关系发展，从中世纪晚期到三十年战争的爆发。这不仅有助于促进大学财政的系统比较历史，而且也克服了中世纪和近代早期之间的传统划分。在这种情况下，财务一词意味着大学的捐赠以及租金和学费的年收入。特别注意各大学在教授招聘和学生奖学金方面的投资。这两个方面的研究至今还没有系统的、比较的方法，通过财政的方法可以对大学对王子及其统治的意义进行区别分析。王子是如何影响这所大学的，这又是如何影响它的发展的？从中世纪晚期到三十年战争爆发，王子的影响力有何变化？从王子的角度来看，大学的价值是什么，它的价值是什么，为什么？在多大程度上服务于教授的招聘和学生的财政支持公国的发展？回答这些问题有助于对前现代州大学的术语和性质、其对统治者的意义以及中世纪晚期和近代早期之间是否存在显著差异进行细致入微的辩论。这反过来又为正在进行的关于从中世纪晚期公国向现代早期领土国家过渡的辩论提供了进一步的方面。最后，海德堡-弗赖堡的比较使我们能够分析在何种程度上不同的信仰取向的各自公国影响了财政和两所大学的作用。它是削弱还是加强了君主、大学和公国之间的关系？是否有可能以一般的方式回答这个问题，或者其他因素在决定这种关系方面发挥了更重要的作用？回答这些问题也意味着从范围和深度上探讨教派政治的影响。

This project analyses the finances of the universities of Heidelberg and Freiburg in a diachronic and comparative way. It thus aims to contribute to a better understanding of how the relationship between prince, principality and university developed from the late Middle Ages to the outbreak of the Thirty Years’ War. This serves not only to promote a systematic comparative history of university finances, but also to overcome the traditional demarcation between the Middle Ages and the Early Modern Times. The term finances means in this context the endowment of the university as well as its annual income from rents and student fees. Particular attention is paid to the universities’ investments in professorial recruitment and student bursaries. Both aspects have so far not been studies in a systematic and comparative way.The approach via the finances allows for a differentiated analysis of the university’s significance for the prince and his rule. How did the prince influence the university and how did this affect its development? How did the quality of the prince’s influence change from the late Middle Ages to the outbreak of the Thirty Years’ War? What was, from the prince’s point of view, the value of the university, what was it worth and why? To what extent served the recruitment of professors and the financial support of students the development of the principality? To answer these questions contributes to a nuanced debate on the term and the nature of the premodern Landesuniversität, its significance for the ruler and whether there existed prominent differences between the late Middle Ages and the early Modern Times? This in turn offers further aspects to the ongoing debate on the transition from the late medieval principality to the early modern territorial state. Finally, the comparison Heidelberg-Freiburg enables us to analyse to what extent the different confessional orientation of their respective principalities influenced the finances and the role of both universities. Did it weaken or strengthen the relationship between prince, university and principality? Is it at all possible to answer that question in a general way or did other factors play a much more important role in determining that relation? To answer these questions means also to address the effects of confessional politics in terms of their range and depth.