Establishment of an early osteoporosis detection method using alveolar bone biopsy

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Alveolar bone biopsy samples were extracted during implant preparation, for investigating microstructural changes due to menopause, and relationships between these changes and bone turnover markers. Subjects were 18 women receiving mandibular implants: premenopausal (n = 5), early postmenopausal (n = 3), and late postmenopausal (n = 10). The samples analyzed using micro-computed tomography and three-dimensional bone morphometry. The alveolar bone volume was significantly less in late postmenopausal women than in premenopausal ones. The trabeculae in early postmenopausal women were more separated and rod-like than in premenopausal ones. Each alveolar bone parameter was significantly related to at least one bone turnover marker. Alveolar cancellous bone structure begins changing even in early postmenopausal women, and this structure varies in close relationship to bone turnover markers.