Control of three-dimensional light guiding in three-dimensional photonic crystals

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Realization of arbitrary three-dimensional (3D) light guiding was studied in 3D photonic crystals. We developed a new design concept for three-dimensional waveguides and bends, considering the equivalence of crystalline orientation in 3D photonic crystal. Analysis revealed that such waveguides can be connected each other with high transmittance in broadband. We also realized designed 3D guiding structures by advancing the method for fabricating large-area, defect-free 3D photonic crystals, and successfully demonstrated clear 3D guiding for the first time. Even the split of light paths into two and the light trapping by an intermediate nanocavity were successfully realized, showing the possibility of a variety of the 3D light control.