The Effects of Social Capital on the Community and the Optimal Provisions of Public Goods

社会资本对社区的影响与公共物品的最优供给

基本信息

批准号：
09430009
负责人：
YAMAZAKI Fukuju
金额：
$ 5.06万
依托单位：
Sophia University
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B).
财政年份：
1997
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1997 至 2000
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/en/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-09430009/
关键词：
public investment local public goods residential environment industrial infrastructure Vote on foot 公共資本サービス

项目摘要

In this research, we analyze how the public investment has the effect on the utility of consumers in regional economy.First, by using the panel data about administrative divisions, our research estimates the influence of social capital on the utility function under the assumption of rational behaviors of firms and individuals. We find clearly that social capital related to residential environment remarkably influences the resident's decision about where to live. On the other hand, we find that the industrial infrastructure does not affect the firms' decision where to locate, but rather the firms tend to locate the densely populated area with a lot of the purchasing power. It is possible that the consumer and the firm have concentrated on the region around Tokyo, because there are abundant in the social capital improving residential environment.Secondarily, we examine how the optimal allocation of public investment between regions such as roads and railways can be achieved. The optimal allocation of public services can be achieved when the price of public service is equal to the social marginal cost including the congestion externality. We estimate the optimal congestion charge about the railway service, using the data of the JR Chuou Line. By using the relationship between the land price and the commuter's disutility from congestion, we can derive the optimal congestion charge from the land price differentials. According to this, we conclude that it is necessary to impose about 4-5 times the charge in Chuou Line in order to achieve the optimal allocation of public investment. In addition, the congestion charge model of the road is constructed, and the congestion charge is estimated. As a result, we explore how the congestion charge on the vehicle affects the traffic volume in the expressway, and how the environmental burden and the city structure changes.

在这项研究中，我们分析了公共投资如何影响消费者在区域经济中的效用。首先，通过使用有关行政部门的小组数据，我们的研究估计了社会资本对公司和个人的理性行为的影响。我们清楚地发现，与住宅环境相关的社会资本会极大地影响居民关于居住地的决定。另一方面，我们发现工业基础设施不会影响公司的决定，而是公司倾向于以大量购买力定位人口稠密的地区。消费者和公司可能专注于东京周围的地区，因为社会资本改善了住宅环境。当公共服务价格等于包括拥塞外部性在内的社会边际成本等于社会边际成本时，可以实现公共服务的最佳分配。我们使用JR Chuou线的数据估算有关铁路服务的最佳拥塞费用。通过使用土地价格与通勤者与交通拥堵的分离之间的关系，我们可以从土地价格差异中获得最佳的拥塞费用。据此，我们得出的结论是，有必要在Chuou线上征收大约4-5倍的费用，以实现公共投资的最佳分配。此外，建造了道路的拥塞费用模型，并估计了拥塞费用。结果，我们探讨了车辆上的拥塞费用如何影响高速公路的交通量，以及环境负担和城市结构如何变化。