The study on the cellular growth and its regulation in female reproductive organs and related tumors, with the reference of sex-steroids

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The growth of the female reproductive organs and related tumors is diversely regulated by hormones (steroids and polypeptides) through binding their corresponding cellular receptors, which is thereafter associated with the biological eventsAs the advance in dedifferentiation and malignancy of the tumors, cellular expressions of decreasing SHBG, increasing estrogen receptor (ER) exon 5 delated splicing variant (dominant positively functional), and decreasing progesterone receptor A (transcriptionally inhibitory) appear as trends.ER β is expressed in 1 out of 100 ER αs in the normal uterine endometrium and in 1 out of 10 ER α in the normal ovary, yet the ER β expression becomes variably low to high in the malignant transformation, in which ER α-related action might be exaggerated. PR-B and ER α, which are associated with steroid-related growth, are over-expressed in the N1H3T3 cells, which form colonies and over-grow in the nude-mouse.GnRH and its receptor are expressed in the uterine endometrial and the ovarian cancers, yet a GnRH agonist occupies the receptor, coupled with Gi protein, resulting in the induction of dephospholyrase and lysophosphatidic acid dehydrase. A GnRH agonist induces apoptosis in the receptor carring tumors as well. Those might be related to the suppretion of tumor growth by a GnRH agonist.In the tumor cells, the cellular maturity process of GnRH is disturbed, whichi is related to the following evidence ; the pro-peptides of GnRH occupies the receptor, resulting the inhibition of cellular GnRH function which might be related the tumor growth.