Biological implication and clinical aspect of sex steroid receptors

性激素不仅对女性生殖器官，而且对其他器官的影响都可以通过它们自己的受体来观察和发挥。相反，这些作用可以从类固醇受体的角度提示对未知的非靶器官的影响。研究性激素受体的生物学意义和临床意义如下：(1)醋酸甲羟孕酮(MPA)能抑制子宫内膜癌细胞的集落形成，且其浓度远高于孕激素受体(PR)。因此，甲孕酮不仅通过PR发挥作用，而且还通过直接作用于DNA发挥作用。(2)甲孕酮和抗化疗药物对子宫内膜癌的集落形成有相加的抑制作用，提示化疗内分泌治疗对子宫内膜癌有一定疗效。(3)甲孕酮可使子宫内膜癌组织核仁形成区改变为正常子宫内膜核仁形成区。因此，甲胎蛋白可用于子宫内膜癌的鉴别诊断。(4)甲孕酮可降低局部化…胞质雌激素-17(E_2)较多，提示胞浆内存在与雌激素作用有关的结合部位。(5)已建立的子宫内膜癌细胞株和成纤维细胞与孕激素共培养可抑制胸腺嘧啶核苷掺入癌细胞，提示基质具有抗肿瘤生长的作用。从对人体蜕膜中类固醇受体的研究来看，雌激素可以促进蜕膜的增殖，并与孕酮共同合成蜕膜催乳素。雄激素可通过调节雌激素的作用，特别是通过较高含量的间质雄激素受体，显示其对雌性生殖器官的影响。雌二醇(E_2)和雌三醇(E_3)各有其受体和生物学效应，并表现出相互的协同作用。这些受体分布在全身各处。E_2主要控制这些受体。抗雌激素药物可能主要通过E_3受体发挥作用。较少

Effects of sex steroids not only on female reproductive organs but also on other organs can be seen and exerted via their own receptors. On the contrary, those effects can be suggested on unknown non-target organs from the aspect of steroid receptors. Biological impliction and clinical aspect of the sex steroid receptors have been investigated as follows:1.(1) Medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) can inhibit the colony formation of dispersed endometrial cancer cells and the concentration of MPA is much higher than that of progesterone receptor (PR). Therefore, MPA exerts the effects not only via PR, but also via direct action to DNA. (2) MPA and anti-chemotherapeutic agents can inhibit the colony formation additively, suggesting the efficacy of chemoendocrine therapy against endometrial cancer. (3) MPA can change the nucleolar organizer region in endometrial cancer to that in normal endometrium. Therefore MPA can differentiate the endometrail cancer. (4) MPA can decrease the localization … More of cytoplasmic estradiol-17 (E_2), suggesting the presence of the cytoplasmic binding site related to estrogen action. (5) Co-culture of established cell lines and fibroblasts, derived from endometrial cancer with progesterone can inhibit thymidine incorportion into the cancer cells, suggesting the role of the stroma for anti-tumor growth.2. From the studies on the steroid rceptors in the decidua of the human subject, estrogen can promote the decidual proliferation and synthesize decidual prolactin with progesterone.3. Androgen can demonstrate it's effect on female reproductive organs by modulation of estrogen action, and especially via stromal androgen receptor in the relatively high content.4. E_2 and estriol (E_3) have their own receptors and biological effects, and can demonstrate the cooperative effect on each other. Those receptors are distributed throughout the body. E_2 mainly controls those receptors. It is possible that antiestrogenic drugs can demonstrate their effects mainly via E_3 receptor. Less