Biological implication and clinical aspect of sex steroid receptors

性类固醇不仅对女性生殖器官有影响，而且对其他器官也有影响，可以通过它们自身的受体来观察和发挥作用。相反，这些作用可能从类固醇受体的角度提示于未知的非靶器官。性类固醇受体的生物学意义和临床方面的研究如下：(1)醋酸甲羟孕酮（MPA）能抑制分散的子宫内膜癌细胞集落形成，且MPA浓度远高于孕酮受体（PR）。因此，MPA不仅可以通过PR作用，还可以直接作用于DNA。(2) MPA和抗化疗药物可共同抑制集落形成，提示化学内分泌治疗对子宫内膜癌的疗效。(3) MPA可使子宫内膜癌的核仁组织区改变为正常子宫内膜的核仁组织区。因此，MPA可以鉴别子宫内膜癌。(4) MPA可降低细胞质雌二醇-17 （E_2）的定位，提示存在与雌激素作用相关的细胞质结合位点。(5)子宫内膜癌细胞系和成纤维细胞与孕酮共培养可抑制胸腺嘧啶向癌细胞的掺入，提示间质具有抗肿瘤生长的作用。从人体蜕膜中类固醇受体的研究来看，雌激素能促进蜕膜的增殖，并与黄体酮合成蜕膜催乳素。雄激素通过调节雌性激素的作用，特别是通过含量相对较高的基质雄激素受体对雌性生殖器官产生作用。E_2和雌三醇（E_3）具有各自的受体和生物学效应，并能相互发挥协同作用。这些受体分布在全身。E_2主要控制这些受体。抗雌激素药物可能主要通过E_3受体发挥作用。少

Effects of sex steroids not only on female reproductive organs but also on other organs can be seen and exerted via their own receptors. On the contrary, those effects can be suggested on unknown non-target organs from the aspect of steroid receptors. Biological impliction and clinical aspect of the sex steroid receptors have been investigated as follows:1.(1) Medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) can inhibit the colony formation of dispersed endometrial cancer cells and the concentration of MPA is much higher than that of progesterone receptor (PR). Therefore, MPA exerts the effects not only via PR, but also via direct action to DNA. (2) MPA and anti-chemotherapeutic agents can inhibit the colony formation additively, suggesting the efficacy of chemoendocrine therapy against endometrial cancer. (3) MPA can change the nucleolar organizer region in endometrial cancer to that in normal endometrium. Therefore MPA can differentiate the endometrail cancer. (4) MPA can decrease the localization … More of cytoplasmic estradiol-17 (E_2), suggesting the presence of the cytoplasmic binding site related to estrogen action. (5) Co-culture of established cell lines and fibroblasts, derived from endometrial cancer with progesterone can inhibit thymidine incorportion into the cancer cells, suggesting the role of the stroma for anti-tumor growth.2. From the studies on the steroid rceptors in the decidua of the human subject, estrogen can promote the decidual proliferation and synthesize decidual prolactin with progesterone.3. Androgen can demonstrate it's effect on female reproductive organs by modulation of estrogen action, and especially via stromal androgen receptor in the relatively high content.4. E_2 and estriol (E_3) have their own receptors and biological effects, and can demonstrate the cooperative effect on each other. Those receptors are distributed throughout the body. E_2 mainly controls those receptors. It is possible that antiestrogenic drugs can demonstrate their effects mainly via E_3 receptor. Less