Approach for bone replacing apaite cement

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The aim of this research is to find out the feasibility of the development of apatite cement (AC) that could replace with bone in relatively short period. First, osteoclasts were incubated on the surface of set conventional AC (c-AC), fast-setting AC (fs-AC) anti-washout AC (aw-AC). Sintered apatite and cortical bone were also used as reference materials. We found osteoclasts resorped AC even though osteoclasts formed no resorption pits on the surface of sintered apaite. However, the area of resorption was much smaller when compared with that of cortical bone. No significant difference was found based on the type of AC indicating that all AC would be replaced with bone in the same rate. To accelerate the resorption of AC with osteoclasts, we then introduced carbonate ion into AC.The resorption area increased with contents of carbonate upto 6%. However the mechanical strength of AC decreased with increase in the amount of added carbonate. With respect to the bone formation that should occur after resoption of AC with osteoclasts, we evaluated differentiation of osteoblasts on the surface of AC.We found AC enhance the differentiation of osteoblasts. We therefore concluded that there is a good chance to fabricate apatite cement that could be replaced with bon in relatively short periods.