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TRENDS AND PROSPECTS OF ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT OF SOUTH AND SOUTHEAST ASIA: ISSUES OF TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER IN MALAYSIA, INDONESIA, INDIA AND SRI LANKA

南亚和东南亚经济发展趋势与前景：马来西亚、印度尼西亚、印度和斯里兰卡的技术转让问题

基本信息

批准号：
10430014
负责人：
UPALI Ananda-kumara
金额：
$ 1.47万
依托单位：
Suzuka International University
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)
财政年份：
1998
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1998 至 2000
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

This study was concluded as a three-year project by focusing India, Sri Lanka, Malaysia and Indonesia on issues related to economic development and technology transfer through the promotion of investment from abroad. Economic development policies of Malaysia and Sri Lanka are quite open for foreign investment while those of India and Indonesia seem to be somewhat "closed". The adoption of such policies show a time difference between Southeast and South Asia and, the Southeast Asia had taken the lead.Vitalizing stagnant economic sectors and introducing new and higher levels of technologies may be identified as two of the major objectives of introducing these policies. From the points of view of these countries, they have introduced a variety of specific laws to deal with investment from abroad along with the provision of generous "incentive packages" for incoming foreign investors By offering these incentives, they are expected to "write-off" badly-needed earnings that may usually recei … More ve in the form of corporate taxes or import/export taxes. However, recovering of those "expenses" may not be made possible on the long term unless strong linkages between foreign and local enterprises are created. Possibilities for creating such linkages may depend on the type and level of technology when compared with those of the local firms. Though the developing countries nowadays are looking for hi-tech type technology by inviting TNCs from abroad, a mere presence of the TNCs in a country alone may not ensure that the technologies will be transferred to the local society. Labor can be identified as another important issue related to the research topic. Investor countries like Japan and corresponding TNCs have taken various steps to assisting for the knowledge upgrading of local labor through the introduction of various training programs, both locally and in Japan.Furthermore, these countries have initiated some programs to work collaboratively with each other. Nevertheless an excessive type of competition among these countries can be identified today for attracting more and more foreign investment compared to their counterparts. Due to such over-competition, each country have been trying to offer better incentives to prospective foreign investors which may ultimately end up with a loss of significant amount of income unless tackled properly. Sustainability of the foreign investment relied economic policies may not be ensured unless the host country governments as well as the incoming TNCs pay sufficient attention to the above issues. An important issue remains unanswered, therefore, as to what extent the costs incurred by the developing countries in providing such special incentives have been recovered. Researchers expect to address this issue in future studies. Less

这项研究是作为一个三年期项目结束的，重点是印度、斯里兰卡、马来西亚和印度尼西亚通过促进国外投资实现经济发展和技术转让的问题。马来西亚和斯里兰卡的经济发展政策对外国投资相当开放，而印度和印度尼西亚的经济发展政策似乎有些“封闭”。这些政策的实施体现了东南亚和南亚的时间差，东南亚走在了前面，振兴停滞的经济部门和引进新的更高水平的技术可以被确定为实施这些政策的两个主要目标。从这些国家的角度来看，它们已经出台了各种具体的法律来处理来自国外的投资，同时沿着为进入的外国投资者提供慷慨的“一揽子奖励”。 ...更多信息以公司税或进出口税的形式。然而，除非在外国企业和当地企业之间建立起强有力的联系，否则从长远来看，收回这些“费用”是不可能的。建立这种联系的可能性可能取决于与当地公司相比的技术类型和水平。虽然发展中国家目前正在通过邀请外国跨国公司来寻求高科技类型的技术，但仅仅跨国公司在一个国家的存在并不能确保技术将被转让给当地社会。劳动力可以被确定为与研究主题相关的另一个重要问题。日本等投资国和相应的跨国公司通过在当地和日本国内实施各种培训计划，采取各种措施帮助当地劳动力的知识升级，此外，这些国家还启动了一些相互合作的计划。然而，今天可以看出，这些国家之间存在着一种过度竞争，与其他国家相比，它们吸引了越来越多的外国投资。由于这种过度竞争，每个国家都在努力为潜在的外国投资者提供更好的激励措施，除非处理得当，否则最终可能会损失大量收入。如果东道国政府和进入的跨国公司不充分注意上述问题，依赖外国投资的经济政策的可持续性就无法得到保证。因此，一个重要的问题仍然没有答案，即发展中国家在提供这种特别鼓励措施方面的费用在多大程度上已经收回。研究人员希望在未来的研究中解决这个问题。少