A New Approach of Economic policy on an Affluent Society

日本民众和企业最近经历了大规模的放松管制。日本将发生一些根本性的制度变革。它们对玩家在经济活动中的行为有很大的影响。制度给参与者提供游戏规则，或者给他们一些约束。它由制度环境和制度安排两部分组成。我们认为制度包括政治规则、法律规则和文化规则。政治规则由民主或财产权构成，法律规则由宪法、商法和民法构成。文化规则包括劳动伦理或宗教。在这些规则下，玩家会制定一些有利于自己的子规则。这些是交易或合同的规则，被称为制度安排或治理。我们将以日本的劳资关系和附属贸易为例。面对激进的制度变革，参与者可能会改变自己的行为，那么经济表现也会不同于变革前。在部分放松管制下，经济表现发生了变化。例如，日本最近在放松管制的情况下使用了移动电话。我们分析了制度变迁下的经济表现，包括劳动力市场、养老金、金融市场。最后，提出了制度变迁对经济的巨大影响，并提出了一种新的经济政策分析方法来分析制度变迁下的经济。我们提出了经济政策的制度和经济政策的新标准。我们提出交易成本标准为效率标准，安全网标准为稳定标准，国家最低标准为公平标准。

Japanese peoples and companies recently experience a large deregulation. Some radical institutional changes will happen in Japan.They have a great influence on player's behavior in economic activity. The institution gives the rule of game to players or gives them some constrains. It consists of the institutional environment and the institutional arrangement.From our point of view the institution consists of the political rule, the law rule and the cultural rule. The Political rule consists of democracy or the property right and the law rule consists of the constitution, the commercial law and the civil law. The Cultural rule consists of the labor ethics or the religion. Players make some sub rule in favor of themselves under these rules. These are rules of trades or contracts and called the institutional arrangement or governance. We will mention the Japanese industrial relations, and affiliation trades as examples.Players may change their behavior in face of a radical institutional change, then economic performance is also different from before the change. Economic performance changes under partial deregulation. For example, the cell mobile phones were recently used under deregulation in Japan. We analyzed the economic performance under institutional change in some fields- the labor market, the pension, the financial market. In conclusion, We propose that the institutional changes give to rise to a great economic influence and we also propose a new approach of economic policy to analysis economy under change of institution. We present economic policy of institutional and new criteria of economic policy. We present the transaction cost criterion as efficiency and the safety net as stable criterion and the national minimum criterion as equity.