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Study on climatology and evolution of stratospheric aerosols and their effects on ozone depletion

平流层气溶胶的气候学和演化及其对臭氧消耗的影响研究

基本信息

批准号：
10440134
负责人：
HAYASHIDA Sachiko
金额：
$ 8.06万
依托单位：
Nara Women's University
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B).
财政年份：
1998
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1998 至 2000
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

1) Stratospheric Aerosol and Gas Experiment (SAGE) II data at multiple wavelengths were analyzed to show how aerosol extinction data decays with time following major volcanic eruptions. The time variation of the extinction coefficient was compared to the Ångstrom parameter, which is a good indicator of particle size. A clear anti-correlation existed between the extinction and the Ångstrom parameter after the eruption of Mt. Pinatubo. Comparison of the extinction coefficients and Ångstrom parameters in 1989/90 and 1999 made it clear that the aerosol layer was affected by volcanic eruptions, even in 1989/90. Computations of effective radii showed that the Ångstrom parameter is a good proxy for particle size. The distinguishing negative correlation can be characterized as a feature of a decay period following volcanic eruptions.2) The extinction data of the Improved Limb Atmospheric Spectrometer (ILAS) on board the Advanced Earth Observing Satellite (ADEOS) captured more than 60 polar stratospheric cloud (PSC) profiles during the winter and early spring of 1997 in the Northern Hemisphere. That winter is well known for its long-lasting polar vortex and significant ozone loss over the Arctic. The highest probability of sighting PSCs was obtained in mid-January at an altitude of approximately 23 km, and subsequent occurrences of PSCs were found intermittently at lower altitudes until mid-March.The ILAS aerosol extinction coefficient and nitric acid data were compared with the theoretically predicted values for supercooled ternary solution (STS), nitric acid dihydrate (NAD), and nitric acid trihydrate (NAT) particles to infer the chemical composition of the observed PSC particles. The observations showed that in 1997, type 1 a and 1b PSCs formed over the Arctic during winter and early spring, until mid-March. The ILAS observed typical type 1b PSCs on January 19^<th> and 20^<th>. Most of the PSCs observed late in the PSC season had features of type 1 a PSCs.

1)分析了平流层气溶胶和气体实验二多波长数据，以显示在重大火山爆发后气溶胶消光数据如何随时间衰减。将消光系数的时间变化与作为颗粒尺寸的良好指示剂的Igngstrom参数进行比较。火山爆发后的灭绝与火山爆发后的Loungstrom参数之间存在明显的反相关关系。皮纳图博比较1989/90年和1999年的消光系数和朗厄斯特伦参数，可以清楚地看出，即使在1989/90年，气溶胶层也受到火山爆发的影响。有效半径的计算表明，longstrom参数是一个很好的代理粒度。2）高级地球观测卫星（ADEOS）上的改进的临边大气分光仪（ILAS）的消光数据在1997年冬季和早春期间在北方半球捕获了60多个极地平流层云（PSC）廓线。这个冬天以其持久的极地涡旋和北极上空臭氧的严重损失而闻名。1月中旬在约23 km的高度上观测到PSC的概率最高，随后在较低高度间歇性地发现PSC，直到3月中旬。将ILAS气溶胶消光系数和硝酸数据与过冷三元溶液（STS），硝酸二水合物（NAD），和硝酸三水合物（NAT）颗粒来推断所观察到的PSC颗粒的化学组成。观测结果表明，1997年，1a和1b型PSC在冬季和早春形成于北极上空，直到3月中旬。ILAS在1月19日和20日观察到典型的1b型PSC<th><th>。在PSC季节后期观察到的大多数PSC具有Ia型PSC的特征。