权益分类	功能权益	普通用户	{{item.name}}会员
{{category.name}}	{{benefitItem.name}}

Study on climatology and evolution of stratospheric aerosols and their effects on ozone depletion

平流层气溶胶的气候学和演化及其对臭氧消耗的影响研究

基本信息

批准号：
10440134
负责人：
HAYASHIDA Sachiko
金额：
$ 8.06万
依托单位：
Nara Women's University
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B).
财政年份：
1998
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1998 至 2000
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

1) Stratospheric Aerosol and Gas Experiment (SAGE) II data at multiple wavelengths were analyzed to show how aerosol extinction data decays with time following major volcanic eruptions. The time variation of the extinction coefficient was compared to the Ångstrom parameter, which is a good indicator of particle size. A clear anti-correlation existed between the extinction and the Ångstrom parameter after the eruption of Mt. Pinatubo. Comparison of the extinction coefficients and Ångstrom parameters in 1989/90 and 1999 made it clear that the aerosol layer was affected by volcanic eruptions, even in 1989/90. Computations of effective radii showed that the Ångstrom parameter is a good proxy for particle size. The distinguishing negative correlation can be characterized as a feature of a decay period following volcanic eruptions.2) The extinction data of the Improved Limb Atmospheric Spectrometer (ILAS) on board the Advanced Earth Observing Satellite (ADEOS) captured more than 60 polar stratospheric cloud (PSC) profiles during the winter and early spring of 1997 in the Northern Hemisphere. That winter is well known for its long-lasting polar vortex and significant ozone loss over the Arctic. The highest probability of sighting PSCs was obtained in mid-January at an altitude of approximately 23 km, and subsequent occurrences of PSCs were found intermittently at lower altitudes until mid-March.The ILAS aerosol extinction coefficient and nitric acid data were compared with the theoretically predicted values for supercooled ternary solution (STS), nitric acid dihydrate (NAD), and nitric acid trihydrate (NAT) particles to infer the chemical composition of the observed PSC particles. The observations showed that in 1997, type 1 a and 1b PSCs formed over the Arctic during winter and early spring, until mid-March. The ILAS observed typical type 1b PSCs on January 19^<th> and 20^<th>. Most of the PSCs observed late in the PSC season had features of type 1 a PSCs.

1)分析了多波长平流层气溶胶和气体实验（SAGE） II数据，揭示了大型火山爆发后气溶胶消光数据随时间的衰减规律。消光系数随时间的变化与Ångstrom参数进行了比较，该参数是粒径的一个很好的指标。Pinatubo火山爆发后的灭绝与Ångstrom参数之间存在明显的反相关关系。对比1989/90年和1999年的消光系数和Ångstrom参数表明，即使在1989/90年，气溶胶层也受到火山喷发的影响。有效半径的计算表明Ångstrom参数可以很好地代表颗粒尺寸。这种显著的负相关关系可以被描述为火山爆发后衰减期的特征。2)利用先进地球观测卫星（ADEOS）上的改进翼面大气光谱仪（ILAS）消光资料，捕获了1997年冬季和早春北半球60多个极地平流层云（PSC）剖面。那个冬天以其持久的极地涡旋和北极上空严重的臭氧损失而闻名。1月中旬，在大约23公里的海拔高度，出现PSCs的可能性最大，随后直到3月中旬，在较低海拔地区间歇性地发现PSCs的出现。将ILAS气溶胶消光系数和硝酸数据与过冷三元溶液（STS）、二水合硝酸（NAD）和三水合硝酸（NAT）粒子的理论预测值进行比较，以推断观测到的PSC粒子的化学成分。观测结果表明，1997年，1a型和1b型PSCs形成于冬季和早春，一直持续到3月中旬。ILAS在1月19日和20日观测到典型的1b型PSCs。在PSC季节后期观察到的大多数PSC具有1型a型PSC的特征。