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Biological Control of Brown Stem Rot of Adzuki Bean by Cleaning Crops

清茬生物防治红小豆褐茎腐病

基本信息

批准号：
10460018
负责人：
KOBAYASHI Kiroku
金额：
$ 7.3万
依托单位：
HOKKAIDO UNIVERSITY
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B).
财政年份：
1998
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1998 至 2000
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/en/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-10460018/
关键词：
BSR Disease of Adzuki Bean Cleaning Crops Biological Control 野性エンバク

项目摘要

The purpose of this study is to find the effective crops in reducing the Brown Stem Rot (BSR) disease of adzuki bean by the cleaning crops. In 1998 and 1999, 4 green manure crops (vetch, italian ryegrass, wild oats and sorghum) were planted in different fields infested with the pathogens and in the next year, adzuki bean planted in all fields. The disease decreased remarkably in the fields planted with wild oat compared with other crops. However, no relation was found between the pathogen population and the crops. The yields of wild oat planted plots was higher than that of any other crops among green manure crops tested. These results showed the wild oat was the most suitable for cleaning crops to BSR of adzuki beans. To find out the mechanism of the disease suppression by wild oat, the soil microflora in the wild oat planted soils weas cheked. The population of antagonistic actinomycetes to the pathogen was about 13 times higher than the adzuki bean replanting plot soils. The germination of the pathogen spores in the soils planted with wild oat was significantly lower than other crop soils. These results suggested that the wild oat soils had a greater degree of soil fungistasis. These may be one of the reasons why the BSR was suppressed by the wild oat. In the final year (2000), the suppressive effect by wild oat was checked in the farmer fields naturally infested with BSR pathogens. In the farmer fiels, the disease decreased dramatically and the yields was higher than that of other plots. From these three years results, the wild oat is best cleaning crops against the BSR disease and in near future oat will be combined among the cropping system in adzuki bean fields.

本研究的目的是寻找通过清选作物减轻红小豆褐茎腐病（BSR）的有效作物。在1998年和1999年，4种绿色肥料作物（箭舌豌豆，意大利黑麦草，野燕麦和高粱）种植在不同的领域与病原体感染，并在第二年，红小豆种植在所有领域。与其他作物相比，种植野燕麦的田间病害明显减少。然而，没有发现病原菌种群和作物之间的关系。在供试的绿色肥料作物中，野燕麦的产量最高。这些结果表明，野燕麦最适合作为赤豆BSR的清选作物。为了探讨野燕麦抑制病害的机制，对种植野燕麦的土壤微生物区系进行了检测。拮抗放线菌的数量是红小豆连作土壤的13倍。野燕麦土壤中病原菌孢子萌发率明显低于其他作物土壤。这些结果表明，野燕麦土壤具有较强的抑菌作用。这可能是野燕麦抑制BSR的原因之一。在最后一年（2000年），野生燕麦的抑制效果进行了检查，在农民领域自然感染的BSR病原体。在大田，病害发生率明显下降，产量明显高于其他地块。从这三年的结果来看，野燕麦是最好的清除作物对BSR疾病，在不久的将来燕麦将结合在种植制度中的红小豆领域。