A Comparative Research Between American and Japanese R&D in the 1930's and 1940's

本文以近炸引信、雷达、声纳、原子弹等为例，比较了20世纪30~40年代美国国防部研究发展局（OSRD）、国家发展和改革委员会（NDRC）与日本陆军、海军的研究发展情况，指出日本军事机关对科学技术的认识不足。唯灵论的倾向阻碍了其研究和发展。此外，军事组织的部门主义和官僚主义阻碍了研究和发展的顺利进行。战时美国成功的原因是建立了一个利用科学家和工程师的"主动性"的制度。另一个原因是美国工业权力标准的高度。战时，美国的研究与发展对军事部门的依赖性极大。这种制度在战后延续下来的负面影响是不小的。

In this study, we compared the situation of research and development carried out in American by OSRD and NDRC with the Japanese army and navy, from 1930's to 40's.The instances which we took up in this study were proximity fuse, radar, sonar, atomic bomb development.The Japanese military affairs organizations were lack of understanding for science and technology. The tendency of their spiritualism obstacled to the research and development. Furthermore sectionalism and the bureaucratism of the military organizations obstructed smooth progresses of the research and development.The reason of the wartime American success is to have built a system to make use of "the initiative" of scientists and the engineer in. Another reason is height of the American industrial power standard. In the wartime, American research and development extremely depended on the military section. The negative inheritance by such a system having continued after the war is not small.