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A Comparative Research Between American and Japanese R&D in the 1930's and 1940's

美日R的比较研究

基本信息

批准号：
10480001
负责人：
OKUYAMA Shuhei
金额：
$ 6.85万
依托单位：
Chuo University
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)
财政年份：
1998
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1998 至 2000
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/en/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-10480001/
关键词：
Military Technology Science History Technology History Military Science Reserach And Development War Mobilization Rador Sonar 日本技術史アメリカ技術史技術者研究所 1940年代

项目摘要

In this study, we compared the situation of research and development carried out in American by OSRD and NDRC with the Japanese army and navy, from 1930's to 40's.The instances which we took up in this study were proximity fuse, radar, sonar, atomic bomb development.The Japanese military affairs organizations were lack of understanding for science and technology. The tendency of their spiritualism obstacled to the research and development. Furthermore sectionalism and the bureaucratism of the military organizations obstructed smooth progresses of the research and development.The reason of the wartime American success is to have built a system to make use of "the initiative" of scientists and the engineer in. Another reason is height of the American industrial power standard. In the wartime, American research and development extremely depended on the military section. The negative inheritance by such a system having continued after the war is not small.

本研究比较了近炸引信、雷达、声纳、原子弹研制等近炸引信、雷达、声纳、原子弹研制等近炸引信、雷达、声纳、原子弹研制等近炸引信、雷达、声纳、原子弹的研制情况。他们的灵性倾向阻碍了他们的研究和发展。此外，军事组织的宗派主义和官僚主义阻碍了研发的顺利进行，美国战时取得成功的原因是建立了一套利用科学家和工程师的“积极性”的制度。另一个原因是美国工业强国标准的高度。在战时，美国的研究和发展非常依赖军事部门。这种制度在战后继续产生的负面影响是不小的。