An Analysis on the progress of Japanese learner's speech and native-Japanese speech

研究结果如下：(1)外国举报人的第一次提议立即遵循提议-请求序列，他们对提议的回应也立即遵循提议序列，而日本举报人则有避免立即回答的倾向。2)以日语为母语的人倾向于用不受欢迎的位置来表达自己的不同意见，此外，在提出不同意见时，他们倾向于以自我引用的形式来表达自己的意见。3)用Szatrowski的方法分别分析了日本人与(1)日本人、(2)台湾人、(3)美国人的对话节奏。在1)中，对Szatrowski采用的方法的部分结果进行了验证。在2)和3)中，观察到它们的特征和渐变。(4)在母语使用者和中级水平学习者的语篇中，劝导和同情这两种交际原则平衡得很好。然而，高水平学习者的话语更多的是劝说，而不是同情。5)在自补句式中，一个句子用DESU、MASU或动词的普通形式来完成，这给听者一种话题完成的感觉。在“invite - a - listen - to - talk”式中，句子的结束方式包括后半句未说，加上最后一个助词NE，或者提出问题。

The results of the resarch are as follows.1) The first proposals of the foreign informants follow the proposal-request sequences immediately and their responses to the proposals also follow the proposal sequences promptly, whereas the Japanese informants have a tendency to avoid answering immediately.2) Japanese native speakers have a tendency to express their different opinions in the dispreferred position, and in addition they tend to phrase their opinion as a self-quotation form when offering a different opinion.3)The rhythm in the conversations between a Japanese and 1) a Japanese, 2) a Taiwanese, 3) an American were analized respectively in the method employed by Szatrowski. In 1), a part of the results of the method employed by Szatrowski were confirmed. In 2) and 3), their haracteristics and gradual changes were observed.4) In the discourse of Native speakers and intermidiate level of learners, two types of communication principle, Persuation and Sympathy, are well balanced. However discourse of learners in advanced level consist of much in Persuation than in sympathy.5) In SELF-COMPLETING speech style, a sentence was finished with DESU, MASU or a plain form of a verb, which gave a listener a sense of completion of the topic. In INVITING-A-LISTENER-TO-TALK style, a sentence was finished in such manners as the latter part of the setence left unsaid, putting a final particle NE, or asking question.