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Design of alkali salt supported gasification catalyst and combustion of particulate in the exhaust gas from diesel engine

碱盐负载气化催化剂设计及柴油机废气颗粒物燃烧

基本信息

批准号：
10555281
负责人：
MOCHIDA Isao
金额：
$ 8.06万
依托单位：
KYUSHU UNIVERSITY
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)
财政年份：
1998
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1998 至 2001
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

Catalytic activity of alkali metal carbonates was studied for the combustion of activated carbon grains at 673-773 K by supporting the carbonates on carbon, almina, and a perovskite-type oxide (La_<0.8> Sr_<0.2> Cr_<0.5> Mn_<0.45> Pt_<0.05> O_3, LSCMP). Catalytic activity of V_2O_5/γ -Al_2O_3 as a typical transition metal oxide catalyst was also measured for comparison. Potassium carbonate supported on the carbon exhibited the largest initial rate of the combustion among the catalysts at 723 K, while the achieved conversion within 3h increased almost proportional to the ratio of alkali metal to carbon. V_2O_5γ-Al_2O_3 also showed linear increase of achieved conversion with the amount of catalyst, although the slope was much smaller, indicating that the catalytic turnover number is limited. In contrast, the carbonate supported on LSCMP showed high conversion at an alkali metal to carbon ratio as low as 0.012, indicating a very large catalytic turnover number while the initial activity was comparable to that of the same salts on carbon. However, the carbonate supported on γ-Al_2O_3 and LSCMP alone showed very limited activity. The carbonate supported on LSCMP showed higher activity than carbonates supported on carbon at 673 K. The alkali carbonate seems to be active at lower temperatures on LSCMP. The activities of other alkali carbonates were also measured to examine the role of LSCMP support. Results are discussed from the view point of the reductive activation of the alkali metal salts, sublimation, trapping, and escape of the active species on the support in the catalytic combustion. The unique roles of LSCMP are deduced.

通过将碳酸盐负载在碳、氧化铝和钙钛矿型氧化物（La_<0.8>Sr_<0.2>Cr_<0.5>Mn_<0.45>Pt_<0.05>O_3，LSCMP）上，研究了碱金属碳酸盐在673-773 K下活性炭颗粒燃烧的催化活性。还测量了V_2O_5/γ-Al_2O_3作为典型过渡金属氧化物催化剂的催化活性以进行比较。碳负载的碳酸钾在 723 K 下表现出催化剂中最大的初始燃烧速率，而 3 小时内实现的转化率几乎与碱金属与碳的比率成正比。 V_2O_5γ-Al_2O_3也表现出随着催化剂用量的增加，转化率呈线性增加，尽管斜率小得多，表明催化转化数是有限的。相比之下，LSCMP 负载的碳酸盐在碱金属与碳的比率低至 0.012 时表现出高转化率，表明催化转化数非常大，而初始活性与碳上相同盐的初始活性相当。然而，单独负载在γ-Al_2O_3和LSCMP上的碳酸盐表现出非常有限的活性。在 673 K 下，LSCMP 负载的碳酸盐显示出比碳负载的碳酸盐更高的活性。碱金属碳酸盐似乎在 LSCMP 上较低的温度下具有活性。还测量了其他碱金属碳酸盐的活性，以检验 LSCMP 载体的作用。从催化燃烧中碱金属盐的还原活化、载体上活性物质的升华、捕获和逃逸的角度讨论了结果。推导出LSCMP的独特作用。