FUNGAL DEGRADATION OF CHEMICAL WARFARE AGENTS

化学战剂的真菌降解

• 批准号: 10556040
• 负责人: WARIISHI Hiroyuki
• 金额: $ 7.87万
• 依托单位: KYUSHU UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B).
• 财政年份: 1998
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 1998 至 2000
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/en/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-10556040/
• 关键词: Basidomycetes; Chemical Weapon; Yperite; Lewsite; Bioremediation; Thiodiglycol; Lignin Degradation; Chemical Weapon Convention; チオエーテル

According to the Chemical Weapons Convention (effective on the 29th of April, 1997), chemical weapons should be destroyed within ten years. More than 65 countries, including Japan, have ratified the Treaty. Among many types of chemical weapons, the agent which has been the most produced and stored was found to be bis(2-chloroethyl) sulfide, also known as Yperite or mustard gas. Yperite is markedly cytotoxic and is also a carcinogenic and mutagenic alkylating agent. Large-scale incineration of Yperite was started in 1990. However, during incineration and neutralization, the occurrence of several drawbacks has been pointed out. As an alternative to incineration, several methods have been proposed. The bioremediation process has been thought to be advantageous over other conventional processes because of a minimal impact on the environment and of cost effectiveness. Basidiomycetes are the only known organisms to completely degrade wood components including lignin, one of the most recalcit … More rant aromatic biomaterials. Lignin-degrading basidiomycetes are called white-rot fungi, and the others are called brown-rot fungi. Utilizing the ability of lignin degradation, fungal bioremediation has been applied to trinitrotoluene, chlorophenols, chlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins, and polycyclic hydrocarbons etc.In this study, we initiate the biodegradation of thiodiglycol (TDG ; hydrolyzed product of Yperite) by either white-rot or brown-rot basidiomycetes. They exhibited a strong ability to metabolize TDG either for xenobiotic elimination or for sulfur demand. Then, to elucidate reaction mechanisms, benzyl sulfide was utilized, showing effective cleavage of sulfide bond. Finally, the fungal degradation of Yperite was attempted. Yperite was non-enzymatically hydrolyzed to produce TDG via the intermediate formation of a half-Yperite. TDG was further metabolized by both white- and brown-rot fungi. Ethylene glycol and mercaptoethanol were identified as metabolic intermediates. Fungi were capable of utilizing TDG and mercapto-ethanol as a sulfur source for their growth ; therefore, the degradation of TDG was stimulated in non-sulfur containing media. Less

根据《禁止化学武器公约》（1997年4月29日生效），化学武器应在10年内销毁。包括日本在内的65个以上的国家已经批准了该条约。在许多类型的化学武器中，生产和储存最多的化学剂是二（2-氯乙基）硫化物，也称为Yperite或芥子气。伊珀利特具有明显的细胞毒性，也是一种致癌和致突变的烷化剂。1990年开始大规模焚烧伊珀里特。然而，在焚烧和中和过程中，已经指出了几个缺点的出现。作为焚烧的替代方法，已经提出了几种方法。由于对环境的影响最小和成本效益高，生物修复工艺被认为优于其他传统工艺。担子菌是唯一能完全降解木质素的生物，木质素是最难降解的木质素之一。 ...更多信息 芳香生物材料。降解木质素的担子菌称为白腐真菌，其他的称为褐腐真菌。利用真菌降解木质素的能力，真菌生物修复已被应用于三硝基甲苯，氯酚，氯代二苯并-p-二恶英，和多环烃等。在这项研究中，我们启动的生物降解硫二甘醇（TDG）的白腐或褐腐担子菌的水解产物的Yperite。他们表现出很强的能力，代谢TDG的异生物质消除或硫的需求。然后，为了阐明反应机理，利用苄基硫醚，显示有效的硫键断裂。最后，尝试了真菌降解伊贝利特的方法。非酶法水解Yperite，通过中间体形成半Yperite产生TDG。TDG进一步代谢的白色和褐腐真菌。乙二醇和巯基乙醇被确定为代谢中间体。真菌能够利用TDG和巯基乙醇作为其生长的硫源，因此，在不含硫的介质中，TDG的降解受到刺激。少

项目成果

割石博之: "キノコが化学兵器を分解したっ"日本木材学会誌(付録:ウッディエンス). 46・5. 15-18 (2000)

Hiroyuki Wariishi：“蘑菇分解的化学武器”日本木材学会杂志（附录：Woodiens）15-18（2000）。

Wariishi,H.: "Fungal Metabolism of Environmentally Persistent Compounds -Substrate Recognition and Metabolic Response-"Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering. 5・6. 422-430 (2000)

Wariishi，H.：“环境持久性化合物的真菌代谢-底物识别和代谢反应-”生物技术和生物过程工程5・6（2000）。

割石博之: "キノコが化学兵器を分解したつ"日本木材学会誌(付録:ウッディエンス). 46・5. 15-18 (2000)

Hiroyuki Wariishi：“蘑菇分解化学武器”日本木材科学学会杂志（附录：Woodiens）15-18（2000）。

割石博之,一瀬博文: "キノコが環境を浄化する"生物と化学. 38・9. 571-573 (2000)

Hiroyuki Wariishi，Hirofumi Ichinose：“蘑菇净化环境”生物学和化学 571-573（2000）。

割石博之,伊藤範之: "キノコが毒ガスを分解した"九州大学分析センターニュース. 17・4. 7-12 (2000)

Hiroyuki Wariishi，Noriyuki Ito：“蘑菇分解有毒气体”九州大学分析中心新闻17・4（2000）。