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A cognitive psychological study of the mechanisms of recursion and analogy in emergent thinking.

涌现思维中递归和类比机制的认知心理学研究。

基本信息

批准号：
11410030
负责人：
KOYASU Masuo
金额：
$ 1.22万
依托单位：
KYOTO UNIVERSITY
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)
财政年份：
1999
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1999 至 2001
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

The concept "emergence" was at first coined by researchers of the complex systems approach. The concept means that with a limited set of units we think of tremendous number of new ideas. This is supported by at least two important mechanisms, namely, recursion which constructs a hierarchical linkage of knowledge and analogy which composes a horizontal linkage of knowledge. The aim of the present research is to investigate the roles of the two mechanisms by conducting several experiments. The first experiment was conducted using university students in a situation where the subjects were asked to judge between the alternatives (selling hamburgers at the list price or at a discount price) in a Prisoner's Dilemma Game. The recursive nature of the counterparts(instructed as a human or a machine) influenced the impression ratings of the counterpart; e.g., feeling wickedness to the tiffortat strategy. The second was to investigate primary school children's ability of understanding narratives. Global understanding of the text has closer correlation with understanding the second-order beliefs which needs recursive understanding of the mind than local understanding of the text. The third experiment was to investigate the processes of using analogy in understanding two famous people's life courses (Nightingale and Mother Teresa and six other pairs) by university students and showed that there are two cases in which analogy was preserved and in which analogy was changed dynamically.

“涌现”这个概念最初是由复杂系统方法的研究人员提出的。这个概念意味着，我们可以用有限的一组单元来思考大量的新想法。这至少有两种重要的机制支持，即递归和类比，递归构成知识的层次链接，类比构成知识的水平链接。本研究的目的是通过几个实验来研究这两种机制的作用。第一个实验是以大学生为对象，在囚徒困境游戏中，让受试者在两种选择（以标价或折扣价出售汉堡包）之间做出判断。对应方的递归性质（被指示为人类或机器）影响对应方的印象评级;例如，对蒂夫塔特战略感到邪恶。二是考察小学儿童对叙事的理解能力。对文本的整体理解比对文本的局部理解与对需要递归理解的二阶信念的理解有更密切的关系。第三个实验是调查大学生在理解两个著名人物的人生历程（南丁格尔和特蕾莎修女以及其他六对）时使用类比的过程，结果表明存在两种情况，即类比保持和类比动态变化。