The development of the CGE model based on the integrated environmental and economic accounting and the simulation analysis of the environmental policies

本文的研究分为两个部分：(1)Leontief- 1970环境经济综合模型的应用分析。通过对Leontief- 1970环境经济综合模型在一般均衡框架下的几个经典模型的考察，对Leontief 1970模型的结构进行了广泛的分析研究。通过参考Richard Stone、James Meade等人的评论，提出了基于Leontief模型的应用环境政策分析，以及模型本身的扩展和推广。最后，将Leontief模型重新制定为可计算的一般均衡模型，包括生产者和消费者的微观经济行为，以及政府的税收，使用Leontief-type CGE模型模拟实施环境政策，如引入环境税。(2)日本环境资产管理规模的CGE分析首先，通过汇总日本SEEA和SNA数据构建日本环境资产管理规模；其次，对日本环境资产管理规模进行CGE分析，重点关注“估算环境成本”或“生态边际”。通过使用GAMS-HERCULES，我们获得了三个主要结果：1)环境税率的增加降低了生态边际；2)资本（劳动力）的增加会对环境产生不良影响；3)通过增加环境保护所需的投入来直接减少“估算环境成本”，对经济的其他部分的影响几乎可以忽略不计，当然，生态边际会减少到零。

This study consists of two parts :(1) The application analysis of the integrated environmental and economic model of the Leontief-typeSurveying several classic models of the Leontief-type which integrate environment and economy in the general equilibrium framework, the structure of the Leontief 1970 model is extensively and analytically investigated in this report. By referring also to comments made by Richard Stone, James Meade and others, applied environmental policy analyses based on the Leontief model as well as the expansion and generalization of the model itself are presented. Finally the Leontief model is reformulated as a computable general equilibrium model, including microeconomic behavior of producers and consumers, and taxation by the government Simulations of implementing environmental policies such as to introduce an environmental tax are performed by the use of the Leontief-type CGE model.(2) A CGE analysis of Japan's environmental SAMFirst, Japan's environmental SAM is constructed by compiling the date of Japanese SEEA and SNA Secondly, A CGE analysis of Japan's environmental SAM is conducted with a focus on "imputed environmental costs" or "eco-margin". By using GAMS-HERCULES, we have gained three main results : 1) an increase in environmental tax rates reduces the eco-margin ; 2) an increase in capital [labor] has undesirable [desirable] effects on the environment ; 3) a direct reduction of "imputed environmental costs" by increasing inputs needed for environmental protection purposes has almost negligible effects on the rest of the economy with, of course, eco-margin reduced to zero.