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Analysis of the symbiotic mechanism between vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and plants

囊泡丛枝菌根真菌与植物共生机制分析

基本信息

批准号：
11460014
负责人：
ISHI Takaaki
金额：
$ 6.66万
依托单位：
KYOTO PREFECTURAL UNIVERSITY (2000-2001)Ehime University (1999)
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)
财政年份：
1999
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1999 至 2001
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/en/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-11460014/
关键词：
Vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi Symbiotic microorganisms Symbiotic mechanism Hyphal network Sod culture Growth stimulants for mycorrhizal fungi Axenic culture Sustainable agriculture 菌根菌生長抑制物質感染生理

项目摘要

The results of our study are as follows :1) Some of the new growth stimulants for vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizai (VAM) fungi in the 25 % methyl alcohol eluates of bahiagrass root extracts fractionated by flash chromatography were isolated and identified. One is 2, 3-dihydroxy eupalitin. The others are non-flavonoid compounds, and have a great stimulatory effect on hyphal growth.2) Application of root exudates to the soil stimulated VAM development of trifliate orange roots, and decreased tree growth inhibition by soil Al toxicity.3) In order to improve our axenic cultural techniques for VAM fungi, we investigated the effect of light on the growth of VAM fungi growth, while the wavelength around 450 nm (blue) inhibited it. By using the LEDs and new VAM growth stimulants, we tried further experiments.4) In order to clarify the mechanism of VAM symbiosis, we used some non-VAM plants such as Brassicaceae and Chenopodiaceae plants. The results indicated that the VAM symbiosis was related to the biosynthesis of ethylene.5) We discovered only one very highly colonized plant out of about 140 species of Arabidopsis plants in the Brassicaceae family. By using this plant, we are analyzing the genes related to VAM symbiosis.6) By using a high resolution CCD camera, we observed that the network by VAM hyphae was easily established when bahiagrass, millet and rat-tail fescue (Vulpia myuros) were intercropped in the soils planted trifoliate orange trees of papaya trees. However, there were a few hyphae in the soil intercropped with non-VAM plants, and very few hyphae in bare ground. The hyphal network establishment was mainly caused by the quantity and quality of grass root exudates. The results suggest that the introduction of sod culture using the grasses that help the propagation of VAM fungi will contribute to constructing a new fruit growing system with the lower input and sustained fruit productivity with environmental conservation in mind.

1）从百喜草根粗提物的25%甲醇洗脱液中分离鉴定了几种新的VA菌根真菌生长促进剂。一种是2，3-二羟基泽兰素。2）根系分泌物对三氟甲磺酸橙子根系VAM的生长有促进作用，并能减轻土壤铝毒对树木生长的抑制作用。3）为了完善VAM真菌的无菌培养技术，研究了光照对VAM真菌生长的影响，利用发光二极管和新的VAM生长促进剂，进一步进行了实验研究。4）为了阐明VAM共生的机理，我们以非VAM植物如菊科和藜科植物为材料，研究了VAM共生的机理。结果表明，VAM共生与乙烯的生物合成有关。5）在拟南芥科约140种植物中，我们只发现了一种高度定殖的植物。6）利用高分辨率CCD相机观察到，在种植三叶橙子树和番木瓜树的土壤中间作百喜草、谷子和鼠尾羊茅（Vulpia myuros）时，VAM菌丝很容易形成网络。然而，有一些菌丝在土壤中间作非VAM植物，和很少的菌丝在裸露的地面。根系分泌物的数量和质量是影响菌丝网络形成的主要因素。结果表明，利用有利于VA菌根真菌繁殖的牧草进行生草栽培，将有助于构建一个具有低投入、持续生产力和环境保护的新型果树栽培系统。