Change of Cell Wall Properties in Woody Plant Cells by Low Temperature

低温对木本植物细胞细胞壁性质的变化

• 批准号: 11460075
• 负责人: FUJIKAWA Seizo
• 金额: $ 7.55万
• 依托单位: Hokkaido University
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)
• 财政年份: 1999
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 1999 至 2001
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/en/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-11460075/
• 关键词: Cold adaptation; Freezing behavior; Cell wall; Deep supercooling; Extracellular freezing; Cold-induced proteins; Untifreeze proteins; Gene cloning; 木部放射柔細胞; 凍結; 細胞壁結合蛋白質; シラカンバ; 電子顕微鏡; 低温環境

This study concerned to cold temperature adaptation of woody plant cells with the relation to the cell wall properties. This study provided a new evidence by cryo-scanning electron microscopy that xylem parenchyma cells of all hardwood species with thick and rigid cell walls, including boreal hardwood species, responded to subfreezing temperatures by deep supercooling. The mechanism of deep supercooling in xylem parenchyma cells has been studied in previous works and hypothesized to be due to the smaller size of micro-capillaries in the cell walls. However, this study confirmed that there was no distinct change in capillary size of the cell walls between cells exhibiting extracellular freezing arid deep supercooling. This study provided a new evidence that degree of supercooling is distinctly reduced by extraction of soluble substances in xylem cell protoplasts, suggesting the accumulation of antifreeze substances, which might drastically promote deep supercooling. We are currently analyzing candidates of antifreeze proteins and cloning their genes. In addition to these studies, this study also concerned to freezing adaptation mechanisms of cortical parenchyma cells of woody plants, which had comparatively thin soft cell walls and adapted to subfreezing temperature by extracellular freezing. All these results revealed specific physiological response of woody plant cells to environmental stresses as well as suggested the possibility of industrial application of stress-induced proteins from woody plant cells.

这项研究涉及木本植物细胞的低温适应与细胞壁特性的关系。这项研究通过冷冻扫描电子显微镜提供了新的证据，表明所有具有厚而坚硬细胞壁的硬木物种（包括北方硬木物种）的木质部薄壁细胞通过深度过冷对低于冰点的温度做出反应。之前的工作已经研究了木质部薄壁细胞深度过冷的机制，并假设这是由于细胞壁中微毛细血管尺寸较小所致。然而，这项研究证实，表现出细胞外冷冻和深度过冷的细胞之间的细胞壁毛细管尺寸没有明显变化。这项研究提供了新的证据，表明通过提取木质部细胞原生质体中的可溶性物质，过冷程度明显降低，表明抗冻物质的积累，可能会极大地促进深度过冷。我们目前正在分析候选抗冻蛋白并克隆它们的基因。除这些研究外，本研究还关注木本植物皮层薄壁细胞的冷冻适应机制，木本植物的皮层薄壁细胞具有相对较薄的软细胞壁，通过细胞外冷冻来适应低于冰点的温度。所有这些结果揭示了木本植物细胞对环境胁迫的特定生理反应，并提示了木本植物细胞胁迫诱导蛋白的工业应用的可能性。

项目成果

Fujikawa S.: "Structural property of cell walls in xylem parenchyma cells of trees in relation to the freezing adaptation"Mokuzai Gakkaishi. (in press). (2000)

Fujikawa S.：“树木木质部薄壁细胞细胞壁的结构特性与冷冻适应相关”Mokuzai Gakkaishi。

Fujikawa S: "Ultrastructural aspects of freezing adaptation of cells by vitrification"In (Engelmann F & Takagi H eds) Cryopreservation of Tropical Plant Germplasm, Current Research Progress and Application, JIRCAS International Agriculture Series No. 8, I

Fujikawa S：“通过玻璃化冷冻适应细胞的超微结构”（Engelmann F

Jitsuyama Y., Suzuki T., Harada T., Fujikawa S.: "Loading process of sugars into cabbage petiole and asparagus shoot apex cells by incubation with hypertonic sugar solutions"Protoplasma. 217. 205-216 (2001)

Jitsuyama Y.、Suzuki T.、Harada T.、Fujikawa S.：“通过与高渗糖溶液一起孵育，将糖加载到卷心菜叶柄和芦笋茎尖细胞中”原生质体。

Ukaji N: "Accumulation of small-heat shock protein homologues in the endoplasmic reticulum of cortical parenchyma cells in mulberry in association with seasonal cold acclimation"Plant Physiology. 120. 481-489 (1999)

Ukaji N：“桑树皮质薄壁细胞内质网中小热休克蛋白同源物的积累与季节性冷驯化相关”植物生理学。

Nagao M: "Akinete formation in Tribonema bombycinum Derbes et solier (Xanthophyceae) in relation to freezing tolerance"Journal of Plant Research. 112. 163-174 (1999)

Nagao M：“Tribonema tubeycinum Derbes et solier（黄藻科）中的 Akinete 形成与耐冻性的关系”《植物研究杂志》。