Effects of weight reduction on physical and psychological response in male and female athletes

该项目的目的是为男女柔道运动员建立一种理想的减肥方法。为研究减重对人体的影响，对柔道运动员减重前后的人体测量、肌力、血液生化指标、心理指标和中性粒细胞功能进行了测定，结果表明，短期减重（包括剧烈运动和能量限制）可引起男女柔道运动员肌肉组织减少、肾功能损害，并可影响其肾功能。此外，体重减轻也延迟了肌肉力量和免疫参数的恢复。这些不良反应的严重程度与能量摄入限制的程度有关。另一方面，男女之间的差异在心理参数方面最为明显。男性柔道运动员在减肥过程中心理压力增加，而女性柔道运动员在减肥初期心理压力就已出现，建议柔道运动员在不限制能量摄入的情况下进行急性减肥。为了在减肥过程中保持健康，应考虑男性和女性的生理和心理特征。

The aim of this project was to establish an ideal way of weight reduction for male and female judoists. In order to study the influences of weight reduction on human body, we measurec anthropometric status, muscle strength, blood biochemical parameters, psychological parameters anc neutrophil functions before and after weight reduction.The results suggest that short-term weight reduction consists of intense exercise and energy restriction may cause reduction of muscle tissue, renal dysfunction and may also affect neutrophi functions in both male and female judoists. Furthermore, weight reduction also delays the recovery of muscle strength and immunological parameters. Severity of these adverse effects was associated with the degree of restriction of energy intake. On the other hand, differences between male and females were most apparent in psychological parameters. Psychological stress was increased during weigh' reduction in male judoists, while it appeared at the beginning of weight reduction in females.It is recommended that acute weight reduction by judoists is performed without restriction of energy intake. For the maintenance of health during weight reduction, physical and psychologica characteristics of males and females should be taken into consideration.