Meritocracy and Dynasticism in China

中国的精英政治与王朝主义

• 批准号: 456213628
• 负责人: Paul Fahr
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: Sektion Sprache und Literatur Chinas
• 依托单位国家: 德国
• 项目类别: Research Grants
• 资助国家: 德国
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://gepris.dfg.de/gepris/projekt/456213628?language=en
• 关键词: Meritocracy; Dynasticism; China

The project aims to investigate two competing modes of justifying ‘Herrschaft’ in premodern China: one by virtue of competence, the other by virtue of descent. It rests on the assumption that the main institutions of monarchic rule, e. g. remonstrance or court conferences, can be conceived of as mechanisms to equilibrate these two legitimatory claims and to balance the interests of the meritocratic bureaucracy and the ruling house. The focus is on the application of meritocratic and dynastic principles of recruitment in the early Chinese Empire as well as on the institution of usurpation, which was influenced by these principles. During the first millennium AD, usurpation enabled meritocratic elites to regularly replace the dynastic ruler and realign the two ways of legitimizing rule once again by means of a standardized ritual programme. The corresponding legitimation strategies could also be shaped by aspects such as gender or gender identity. Employing the concept of ‘meritocracy’, the project aims to investigate the institutional structure of monarchic rule in early China. For this purpose, Chinese cases of usurpation are to be compared with corresponding processes in Roman antiquity and the Latin Middle Ages. Thereby, the project also seeks to contextualize recent research in the field of political science, which, with reference to meritocratic rule, builds on ancient Chinese political concepts in order to propose alternatives to Western liberal democracy.

该项目旨在探讨前现代中国两种相互竞争的“家族”证明模式：一种是凭借能力，另一种是凭借血统。它基于这样一个假设，即君主统治的主要机构，即。G.抗议或法院会议，可以被认为是平衡这两种合法要求的机制，并平衡精英官僚和统治者的利益。重点是在中华帝国早期的应用精英和王朝的招聘原则，以及在篡夺的机构，这是受这些原则的影响。在公元第一个千年，篡权使精英阶层能够定期更换王朝统治者，并通过标准化的仪式程序重新调整两种合法化统治的方式。相应的合法化战略也可以由性别或性别认同等方面形成。该项目采用“精英统治”的概念，旨在研究中国早期君主统治的制度结构。为此目的，中国的篡权案例将与罗马古代和拉丁中世纪的相应过程进行比较。因此，该项目还试图将政治学领域的最新研究置于背景之中，这些研究参照了精英统治，建立在中国古代政治概念的基础上，以便提出西方自由民主的替代方案。