Modeling of structures.of CO_2, water vapor and heat transfers between terrestrial ecosystem and atmosphere

陆地生态系统与大气之间CO_2、水蒸气和热传递的结构建模

• 批准号: 11480130
• 负责人: HIYAMA Tetsuya
• 金额: $ 1.09万
• 依托单位: Nagoya University
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)
• 财政年份: 1999
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 1999 至 2001
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/en/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-11480130/
• 关键词: leaf scale; canopy scale; CO_2, water vapor and heat transfers; canopy structure; radiation transfer model; stomatal conductance model; leaf age; SPAD value; 陸域生態系; 森林構造; 気孔コンダクタンス; ガス交換効率; 土壤呼吸CO_2; 土壌基相; 炭素同位体比; 森林生態系; 熱・水・二酸化炭素輸送過程; フラ

In order to aggregate fluxes of CO_2, water vapor and heat from leaf scale to canopy scale, we developed a one-dimensional numerical model including canopy structure and vertical distributions of sunlit/shaded leaves. The model was applied for a secondary forest in Nagoya city and a boreal larch forest in Siberia. A simple radiation transfer model was included in this model using the canopy structure and the vertical distributions of sunlit/shaded leaves. Direct, reflected and diffusion radiation components were calculated within the forest canopy from the vertical profiles of sunlit/shaded leaves. In addition to the radiation transfer model, we evaluated photosynthesis and transpiration activities in leaf scale using a stomatal conductance model, and aggregate those into canopy scale. As the result, it was concluded that canopy structure affected strongly for the CO_2, water vapor and heat transfers in canopy scale.Parameter set for the stomatal conductance model was determined from observations of leaf stomatal conductance for various tree species in the secondary forest. Jarvis type model was applied for the stomatal conductance model. In the parameter fitting using photosynthetic active radiation, air temperature, and water vapor pressure deficit, there were disagreements between observed and predicted stomatal conductance in foliating and falling seasons. This result shows that it is necessary to include leaf age effect for the parameter fitting in the Jarvis type model. As a result from observations of seasonal variation in chlorophyll density, nitrogen contents and SPAD value in leaves, it was concluded that SPAD value is most suitable for representing leaf age in the Jarvis type parameter fitting. It was shown that combined approach, using SPAD parameter with the traditional Jarvis type model, is better estimation method for the seasonal change of stomatal conductance.

为了汇总CO_2的通量，水蒸气和从叶片尺度到冠层尺度的热量，我们开发了一个一维数值模型，包括冠层结构和阳光/阴影叶子的垂直分布。该模型在名古屋市的二级森林和西伯利亚的北方湖泊森林应用。使用顶篷结构和阳光/阴影叶的垂直分布中包括一个简单的辐射转移模型。直接，反射和扩散辐射分量是根据阳光/阴影叶的垂直轮廓在森林冠层中计算的。除了辐射转移模型外，我们还使用气孔电导模型评估了叶片尺度上的光合作用和蒸腾活动，并将其汇总为冠层尺度。结果，得出的结论是，针对CO_2，水蒸气和冠层尺度的热传输对冠层结构产生了强烈影响。气孔电导模型的参数是根据次生森林中各种树种的叶片气孔电导率的观察结果确定的。 JARVIS类型模型用于气孔电导模型。在使用光合活性辐射，空气温度和水蒸气压力不足的参数拟合中，观察到的和预测的气孔电导在叶和下降季节之间存在分歧。该结果表明，有必要在Jarvis类型模型中包括参数拟合的叶年龄效应。由于观察到叶绿素密度，氮含量和叶子中的Spad值的观察结果，得出的结论是，Spad值最适合在Jarvis型参数拟合中代表叶片年龄。结果表明，使用SPAD参数与传统的Jarvis类型模型相结合的方法是季节性变化气孔电导的更好的估计方法。

项目成果

吉田 尚弘: "海水温の変動を推定する酸素同位体比法(平尾 良光・山岸 良二編「古墳・貝塚・鉄器を探る」)"国土社. 26-29 (1999)

吉田直弘：“估算海水温度变化的氧同位素比法（平尾义光和山岸亮司编辑，“探索古墓、贝冢和铁器”），国铜社。26-29（1999）

Takahashi, H. A., Konohira, E., Hiyama, T., Minami, M., Nakamura, T. and Yoshida, N.: "Diurnal variation of C0_2 concentration, D^<14>C and D^<13>C in an urban forest : estimate of the anthropogenic and biogenic CO_2 contributions"Tellus. 54B,(in press).

Takahashi, H. A.、Konohira, E.、Hiyama, T.、Minami, M.、Nakamura, T. 和 Yoshida, N.：“CO_2 浓度、D^14C 和 D^13C 的日变化

中村 俊夫,福澤 仁之: "高精度年代決定法とその応用 ―第四紀を中心として―"月刊地球. 26巻. 6-12 (1999)

Toshio Nakamura、Hiroyuki Fukuzawa：“高精度测年方法及其应用 - 聚焦第四纪”，《地球月刊》，第 26 卷，6-12（1999 年）。

Ma,X., Y. Fukushima, T.Hashimoto, T.Hiyama and T.Nakashima: "Application of a simple SVAT model in a mountain catchment under temperate humid climate."J. Japan. Soc. Hydrol. & Water Resour. 12巻4号. 285-294 (1999)

Ma，X.，Y. Fukushima，T.Hashimoto，T.Hiyama 和 T.Nakashima：“温带湿润气候下山区流域的应用”J。第 12 卷，第 4 期。285-294 (1999)

田中広樹: "北方落葉樹林における光合成・蒸散特性の季節変化-樹冠単層モデルを用いた解析-"日本林学会誌. 82. 259-267 (2000)

Hiroki Tanaka：“北部落叶林光合作用和蒸腾特性的季节变化 - 使用单层冠层模型进行分析”日本林业学会杂志 82. 259-267 (2000)。