Development of an Operational Snowmelt Runoff Management System Based on Multi-Dimensional Information

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To address the snow-related issues on local water resources and the global climate variability, a distributed snowmelt runoff modeling system for meso-scale regions was developed by incorporating a model for basin-wide snow water equivalent, an 1-D snowmelt model, a distributed runoff model, the satellite remote sensing technique and GIS.Snow covered area derived from satellite data is used as the input data for estimation of basin-wide snow water equivalent and snowmelt distribution. GIS provides topographical characteristics which affects distributions of snow water equivalent, snowmelt and runoff. The 1-D snowmelt model consists of the several existing models for snowmelt forcing by radiation and sensible and latent heat fluxes. The distributed snowmelt model was developed by incorporating the 1-D snowmelt model with relatively small number of observational parameters which are available from the operational meteorological observation network. The distributed runoff model consists of a river channel network generation component by using GIS and a flow calculation component.The developed system in this study is dedicated to an operational use and is expected to be applied to the regional and national water resources management of snow.