Energy and Water Cycle over the Land Surface in the Tibetan Plateau

青藏高原陆地表面的能量和水循环

• 批准号: 11201204
• 负责人: KOIKE Toshio
• 金额: $ 20.1万
• 依托单位: The University of Tokyo
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research on Priority Areas (B)
• 财政年份: 1999
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 1999 至 2001
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-11201204/
• 关键词: Asian Monsoon; Atomosphere-Land Interaction; Land Surface Processes; Water Cycle; Climate Change; Satellite remote sensing; Isotope; Local Circulation; 降水; 凍土; 土壌水分; レーダ; 衛星リモートセンシング

To understand and model the seasonal and interannual variability of the Asian summer monsoon, it is important to address the hydrological processes, especially the origin and circulation of water vapor at large scale, the precipitation fields, and the land surface hydrological processes in the Tibetan Plateau.Due to the non-linear relationship between evaporation and soil moisture, calculated evaporation by using spatially averaged soil moisture is smaller than actual one under dry condition and larger under wet condition. The effects of the wide range of the soil moisture distributuion due to the presence of detention in the Tibetan Plateau is expressed by a linear function of the standard deviation of soil moisture(Hirose et al., 2000). This result suggests a method for scaling up heterogeneous land surface processes.Because of the relatively few ground observation stations over the Tibetan Plateau, efficient monitoring and continuity in space-time sampling over the complete plateau are only possible by satellite remote sensing. In turn, the field observations and process studies help serve as sources of ground-truth information for satellite-based retrieval algorithms. To meet the objectives of the process and modeling studies reported above, GAME-Tibet focused on the development and validation of satellite algorithms for precipitation, radiation budget, surface fluxes, soil moisture and snow.

为了了解和模拟亚洲夏季风的季节和年际变化，必须考虑水文过程，特别是大尺度水汽的来源和环流、降水场和青藏高原陆面水文过程。由于蒸发与土壤水分之间的非线性关系，用空间平均土壤水分计算的蒸发量在干燥条件下小于实际蒸发量，在潮湿条件下大于实际值。由于青藏高原滞留的存在，土壤水分分布的范围很广，其影响由土壤水分标准差的线性函数表示(Hirose等人，2000)。这一结果提出了一种放大非均匀陆面过程的方法。由于青藏高原上的地面观测站相对较少，只有通过卫星遥感才能在整个高原上进行有效的监测和时空采样的连续性。反过来，现场观测和过程研究有助于为基于卫星的检索算法提供地面真实信息来源。为了实现上述过程和模型研究的目标，GAME-西藏中心侧重于开发和验证关于降水、辐射收支、地表通量、土壤水分和雪的卫星算法。

项目成果

Kurosaki, Y. and F. Kimura: "Relationship between topography and daytime cloud activity around Tibetan Plateau"J. Meteor. Soc. Japan.. 80. 1339-1355 (2002)

Kurosaki, Y. 和 F. Kimura: “青藏高原周围地形与白天云活动的关系”J.

Yang, K., T. Koike, D. Yang: "Surface Flux Parameterization in the Tibetan Plateau"Boundary-layer Meteor.. 106(2). 245-262 (2003)

杨克., T. 小池, 杨. 杨：“青藏高原表面通量参数化”边界层气象.. 106(2).

広瀬望、小池俊雄、石平博: "土壌水分の空間不均一性が領域平均蒸発量算定に及ぼす影響"水工学論文集. 第44巻. 169-174 (2000)

Nozomu Hirose、Toshio Koike、Hiroshi Ishihira：“土壤湿度的空间异质性对区域平均蒸发量计算的影响”水利工程学报第 44 卷。169-174 (2000)。

藤井秀幸・小池俊雄: "衛星搭載マイクロ波放射計を用いた地表面放射を考慮した降水量推定法の検討"水工学論文集. 第44巻. 271-276 (2000)

Hideyuki Fujii 和 Toshio Koike：“利用星载微波辐射计考虑地表辐射的降水估算方法的研究”水利工程学报，第 44 卷，271-276（2000 年）。

Yatagai, A: "Estimation of Precipitable Water and Relative Humidity over the Tibetan Plateau from GMS-5 Water Vapor Channel Data"J.Meteor.Soc. Japan. 79-1B. 589-598 (2001)

Yatagai, A：“根据 GMS-5 水汽通道数据估算青藏高原的可降水量和相对湿度”J.Meteor.Soc。