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Conjugate auroral observation during solar maximum

太阳活动极大期共轭极光观测

基本信息

批准号：
13573007
负责人：
SATO Natsuo
金额：
$ 7.74万
依托单位：
National Institute of Polar Research
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)
财政年份：
2001
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
2001 至 2004
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/en/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-13573007/
关键词：
aurora geomagnetic conjugate Antarctica Iceland ionosphere magnetosphere solar eclipse Syowa Station 短波レーダー極域

项目摘要

Charged particles in the Earth's magnetosphere are basically constrained to move along geomagnetic field lines. Thus the bright night-time auroras that are caused by electrons accelerated towards Earth are visible mapping of the geomagnetic field lines. Interhemispheric conjugate auroras provide a unique opportunity to examine how and where the geomagnetic field lines connect the two hemispheres. Syowa Station in Antarctica and stations in Iceland form an ideal set of observatories to study geomagnetically conjugate optical auroras in the auroral zone. A campaign of conjugate auroral observations using all-sky TV cameras has been carried out during equinox season since 1984 during the equinox period.In this study during last 4 Years we found following interesting results; 1 we found extremely similar interhemispheric conjugate auroras observed with all-sky TV cameras at Syowa in Antarctica and Tjornes in Iceland. During this event, meso-scale discrete auroras including both east-west a … More nd north-south directed auroral forms, showed quite similar shapes, movements and luminosity variations at both observatories. Using these data we were able to trace the temporal movements and displacement of auroras in the northern and southern hemispheres with a high spatial-temporal resolution. Our results indicate that the geomagnetic conjugate point of one station moved 〜200 km in longitude and 〜50 km in latitude during an hour, 2) we have carried out a direct comparison of pulsating auroras observed from the ground at Syowa in Antarctica and onboard the FAST satellite together with conjugate-pair observations on the ground at the Syowa and Iceland observatories. Combining high resolution measurements made by the FAST satellite with simultaneous conjugate optical observations on the ground we were able to resolve spatial and temporal ambiguities associated with the observed pulsating auroral phenomena. Using the data we have firstly proposed generation region of pulsating auroras, 3) A total eclipse of the Sun was observed in Antarctica on 23 November 2003. The total eclipse zone crossed the Antarcic continent poleward of Syowa Station (69.0 deg. S, 39.6 deg. E) at a minimum distance of 600 km from the station. This astronomical event is a unique opportunity to examine how the solar eclipse affects the ionosphere, not only in the Southern Hemisphere but also in the conjugate Northern Hemisphere. The magnetometer data showed that ion ospheric disturbances occurred in both hemispheres at the time of the solar eclipse. It is interesting to note that spike-like magnetic impulses occurred at Syowa at all stations in Iceland and some observatories in Scandinavia at the time of maximum eclipse at Syowa (〜23:00 UT). This suggests that ionosphere-magnetosphere couplings were activated in both hemispheres by the localized darkness in the Southern Hemisphere. Less

地球磁层中的带电粒子基本上被限制为沿着地磁场线运动。因此，明亮的夜间极光是由加速向地球的电子引起的，是地磁场线的可见映射。半球间共轭极光提供了一个独特的机会，研究如何和地磁场线连接两个半球。南极洲的Syowa站和冰岛的观测站是研究极光带地磁共轭光学极光的理想观测站。自1984年以来，我们在秋分季节利用全天空电视摄像机进行了一系列共轭极光观测，在过去的4年中，我们发现了以下有趣的结果：1.我们在南极洲的Syowa和冰岛的Tjornes用全天空电视摄像机观测到了极为相似的半球间共轭极光。在这一事件中，中尺度离散极光，包括东西向和南北向极光， ...更多信息两个天文台观测到的南北方向极光的形状、运动和光度变化都非常相似。利用这些数据，我们能够以高时空分辨率追踪北方和南半球极光的时间运动和位移。结果表明，一个台站的地磁共轭点在1小时内沿经度移动了200 km，沿纬度移动了150 km。2）我们将南极Syowa观测到的脉动极光和FAST卫星观测到的脉动极光与Syowa和冰岛观测站的地面共轭对观测结果进行了直接对比。将FAST卫星进行的高分辨率测量与地面同步共轭光学观测相结合，我们能够解决与观测到的脉动极光现象相关的空间和时间模糊性。利用这些数据，我们首次提出了脉动极光的产生区域，3）2003年11月23日在南极洲观测到了日全食。日全食带穿过南极大陆，向昭和站（69.0度）的极方向移动。S，39.6度。（E）距离车站至少600公里。这一天文事件是一个独特的机会，研究日食如何影响电离层，不仅在南半球，而且在共轭北方半球。磁力计数据显示，日食发生时，两个半球都发生了离子层扰动。有趣的是，在雪娃日食最大时（世界时23：00），冰岛所有观测站和斯堪的纳维亚半岛的一些观测站都在雪娃观测站出现了尖峰状的磁脉冲。这表明南半球的局部黑暗在两个半球都激活了电离层-磁层耦合。少