Study on the changes of the logging structures and the logging technology in the developed countries.

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The objectives of this study are as follows. (1) To find out the nature of log production, costs, technology used, structure, overall goal of production, forestry manpower and forestry cooperative system of the countries that have an impact on Japanese forestry. (2) To investigate the system and policy changes that are carried out in response to the changing environmental problems and how these changes affect logging operations. (3) In line with the objectives above, the characteristics of each country have to be known and attempts made to unify the viewpoints of each case so that realistic inter-country comparisons can be made.One of the major factors accounting for the high timber productivity that previously characterized this industry in the American south involved the attitudes of the owners of large-scale woodlands. They had acquired the woodlands for timber production or for speculative purposes, and favored timber harvesting. Furthermore, most of the wood-processing factories eventually became affiliated with the huge forestry companies that had resulted from mergers and integrations, which in turn favored the development of large -scale logging operations. Therefore, the timber market hands of the forest industry. Since logging was also affiliated with those giant companies, productivity improved. However, despite the presence of this oligopolistic market , many small-scale and family enterprises continued to exist, which meant that log production was not completely into the forestry industry.