Social historical and cultural research on school custom, event and courtesy of Japan -The view of Modern school reform based in 100 years of school diaries, instruction records, and materials left in communities.

这项研究考察了日本社区和学校之间的历史关系。从社会学的角度来思考这个问题，我们特别关注两个方面。一个是东洋OKA地区，也就是田岛地区的中心，传统工业在这里蓬勃发展。另一个是Oharai地区，作为一个渔民小镇，他们发展了自己的传统。在两个案例研究中，我们在方法论上非常重视影响上述地区学校活动的省级工业和社区生活的发展、普通民众的生活史和全国学校系统的发展。在东洋大甲的个案研究中，包括东洋大甲小学，我们从事了地方史、学校仪式、学校教师的组建和教育实践等基础研究。在大莱的个案研究中，包括大原第一初中，我们首先关注渔业的兴衰影响渔业文化和学校文化之间的互动和关系。然后，我们厘清了两种文化之间的冲突，以及学校教师对此的反应。本研究以“学校习俗、事件和仪式”为重点，展示了社区和学校之间的基本互动及其动态，这种互动不会因法律改革而轻易改变。

This study examines the historical relationship between community and school in Japan. To think the matter from sociological perspective, we focus especially on two areas. One is the TOYO'OKA area, i.e. the center of TAJIMA region, in which traditional industry have flourished. The other is the OHARAI area, which have developed own tradition as a fisher town. In two case studies we attach methodologically much importance to the development of provincial industry and community life, the life history of ordinary people and the development of nation-wide school system, which affect school activities of the above mentioned areas.In the case study of TOYO'OKA, including the "TOYO'OKA elementary school", we are engaged in such fundamental research as local history, school ceremony and ritual, formation of school teachers, and educational practices.In the case study of OHARAI, including the "OHARAI 1st junior high school", at first we focus on the rise and fall of fishery which affect the interaction and relationship between fishing culture and school culture, and then we clarify the conflict between two cultures, and the response of school teachers to it.Focusing on "school customs, events, and rituals", this study showed fundamental interactions between community and school, and its dynamics which do not change easily by legal reformations.