Social historical and cultural research on school custom, event and courtesy of Japan -The view of Modern school reform based in 100 years of school diaries, instruction records, and materials left in communities.

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This study examines the historical relationship between community and school in Japan. To think the matter from sociological perspective, we focus especially on two areas. One is the TOYO'OKA area, i.e. the center of TAJIMA region, in which traditional industry have flourished. The other is the OHARAI area, which have developed own tradition as a fisher town. In two case studies we attach methodologically much importance to the development of provincial industry and community life, the life history of ordinary people and the development of nation-wide school system, which affect school activities of the above mentioned areas.In the case study of TOYO'OKA, including the "TOYO'OKA elementary school", we are engaged in such fundamental research as local history, school ceremony and ritual, formation of school teachers, and educational practices.In the case study of OHARAI, including the "OHARAI 1st junior high school", at first we focus on the rise and fall of fishery which affect the interaction and relationship between fishing culture and school culture, and then we clarify the conflict between two cultures, and the response of school teachers to it.Focusing on "school customs, events, and rituals", this study showed fundamental interactions between community and school, and its dynamics which do not change easily by legal reformations.