Social historical and cultural research on school custom, event and courtesy of Japan -The view of Modern school reform based in 100 years of school diaries, instruction records, and materials left in communities.

日本学校风俗、活动、礼节的社会历史文化研究——基于100年来学校日记、教学记录、社区遗留资料的近代学校改革观

• 批准号: 14310119
• 负责人: KOZU Masaru
• 金额: $ 5.06万
• 依托单位: Hitotsubashi University
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)
• 财政年份: 2002
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 2002 至 2004
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/en/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-14310119/
• 关键词: School custom; School event; School ceremony; Teacher; School Document; Community; School experiment; Social history; 教員文化; 学校文化

This study examines the historical relationship between community and school in Japan. To think the matter from sociological perspective, we focus especially on two areas. One is the TOYO'OKA area, i.e. the center of TAJIMA region, in which traditional industry have flourished. The other is the OHARAI area, which have developed own tradition as a fisher town. In two case studies we attach methodologically much importance to the development of provincial industry and community life, the life history of ordinary people and the development of nation-wide school system, which affect school activities of the above mentioned areas.In the case study of TOYO'OKA, including the "TOYO'OKA elementary school", we are engaged in such fundamental research as local history, school ceremony and ritual, formation of school teachers, and educational practices.In the case study of OHARAI, including the "OHARAI 1st junior high school", at first we focus on the rise and fall of fishery which affect the interaction and relationship between fishing culture and school culture, and then we clarify the conflict between two cultures, and the response of school teachers to it.Focusing on "school customs, events, and rituals", this study showed fundamental interactions between community and school, and its dynamics which do not change easily by legal reformations.

本研究考察了日本社区与学校的历史关系。从社会学的角度来思考这个问题，我们特别关注两个方面。一个是传统工业发达的田岛地区的中心--丰冈地区。另一个是OHARAI地区，作为一个渔民城镇，它已经发展了自己的传统。在两个个案研究中，我们在方法论上重视影响上述地区学校活动的地方产业和社区生活的发展、普通人的生活史和全国学校制度的发展。在以“东洋冈小学”为代表的东洋冈个案研究中，我们进行了地方史、学校仪式和礼仪等基础研究，本研究以“大井第一初中”为个案，首先探讨渔业的兴衰对渔业文化与学校文化的互动与关系的影响，进而厘清两种文化的冲突与学校教师的因应。以“学校习俗、事件、和仪式”，这项研究表明，社区和学校之间的基本互动，其动态不容易改变法律的改革。