Toward an Integrated Lexical Theory Comprising Morphology, Semantics, and Syntax

为了构建一个基于动词和其他词汇的形态、语义和句法特征的完整的词汇理论，研究目标被设定为阐明以下五个问题：（1）词汇信息的划界，（2）词汇意义与语用知识的区分，（3）词汇多义的生成机制，（4）词汇结构与句法结构的界面;（5）词汇信息在句法结构中的作用。关于第一个目标，本文对词汇概念结构的结构进行了细化，并提出了具体的建议，即通过引入诸如行为目的和行为方式等语用信息，将词汇概念结构与感受性结构统一起来。关于第二个目标，已经有人提出，直接影响句法结构的语法性的语用信息应该被整合到名词和动词的质结构中。 ...更多信息 关于第三个目标，本文论证了动词如何通过将宾语名词的感受质结构纳入其词汇概念结构表征而获得一词多义，以及词缀和复合成分的特质如何影响构词规则的产生。至于第四个目标，它已被发现，某些类型的存在，占有，和主语-属性的句子有轻动词结构的词汇属性，从而语义纳入机制已被提出，占所有这些结构。此外，动词“iru”和“aru”在存在和拥有之间的语义区别也被证明是决定动词句法及物性的因素。关于第五个目标，主要动词的词汇信息在诸如素质交替、非作格性和非作格性、句法复合动词的形成以及句法词缀化等句法现象中起着至关重要的作用，各种语言中某些类型的被动结构、中间结构和反身结构的静态性的本质归因于对戴维森事件论元的抑制，运动方式动词和目标短语混在一起的可能性的跨语言差异来自于目标标记的语义结构，并且发生在不同语法模块中的表面相似的构词规则引起不同的语义和句法行为。少

In attempting to construct an integrated lexical theory based on the morphological, semantic, and syntactic properties of verbs and other vocabulary items, the research goals were laid out to elucidate the following five issues : (1)the demarcation of lexical information, (2)the distinction between lexical meaning and pragmatic knowledge, (3)the generative mechanism of lexical polysemy, (4)the interface of lexical and syntactic structures, and (5)the role of lexical information in syntactic structure. As to the first goal, the configurations of lexical conceptual structure have been refined and a concrete proposal has been made to unify lexical conceptual structure with qualia structure by incorporating such pragmatic information as the purposes and manners of actions. As to the second goal, it has been proposed that the kind of pragmatic information that directly influences the grammaticality of syntactic constructions should be integrated into the qualia structure of nouns and verbs. … More As to the third goal, it has been demonstrated how verbs acquire polysemy by incorporating the qualia structure of object nouns into their lexical conceptual structure representations, and how the idiosyncratic properties of affixes and compounding elements influence the productivity of word formation rules. As to the fourth goal, it has been revealed that certain types of existential, possessional, and subject-attribute sentences have the lexical properties of light verb constructions, whereby the mechanism of semantic incorporation has been proposed that accounts for all these constructions. Additionally, the semantic distinction of the verbs "iru" and "aru" between existence and possession has been shown to determine the verbs' syntactic transitivity. As to the fifth goal, it has been demonstrated that the lexical information of main verbs play a crucial role in such syntactic phenomena as diathesis alternations, unaccusativity and unergativity, the formation of syntactic compound verbs, and syntactic affixation, that the nature of stativity in certain types of passive, middle, and reflexive constructions in various languages is attributed to the suppression of a Davidsonian event argument, that the cross-linguistic difference in the possibility of conflating manner-of-motion verbs and goal phrases derives from the semantic structures of goal markers, and that superficially similar word formation rules that take place in different modules of grammar give rise to distinct semantic and syntactic behavior. Less